Implementation location

I he eigenvector-following (or Hessian mode) method implemented in HyperChem is based on an effieien t quasi-Newton like algorithm for loca tin g tran sitiori states, wh ieh can locate tran si-tion states for alternative rearran gern eri t/dissoeiation reactions, even when startin g from th e wron g regio n on th e poten tial en ergy surface. 

In instances where test bores have been completed, it may sometimes be possible to predict the general locations of productive fractures. When these are encountered by surprise, however, the appropriate adjustments in the drilling strategy must be implemented rapidly, slowing the progress of the drilling operation and increasing the costs. 

Remote control units. These units are used to control unit processes. Basic control functions such as the PID algorithm are implemented here. Depending on other hardware components used, data acquisition capability may be required to perform digital control. They may be configured to supply process set points to single-loop controllers. Radio telemetiy may be installed to communicate with MUX units located at great distances. 

One of the most comprehensive economic studies was done in two phases. The first phase addressed whether the location of the treating facilities should be offshore or onshore. The second phase evaluated the process design options. The outcome of the first phase recommended onshore natural gas treating facilities the second phase recommended implementation of the turboexpander process design. The process options evaluated for this project are listed below ... 

The available balance planes are far removed from locations of expected unbalance and are thus relatively ineffective at the operating speed. The rule of balancing is to compensate in the planes of unbalance when possible. A low-speed balance using inappropriate planes has an adverse effect on the high-speed operation of the rotor. In many cases, implementation of an incremental low-speed balance as the rotor is assembled will provide an adequate balance, since compensations are being made in the planes of unbalance. This is particularly effective with designs incorporating solid-rotor construction. 

In the course of your work to date, you have identified your company s management style in different divisions, regions, and locations. If this style favors centralized management, a companywide PSM implementation strategy may be highly effective. 

Each location that is installing a PSM system needs to monitor its own progress. As part of installation planning, each location will have made commitments to a PSM implementation schedule and plant managers will need to know how their facilities [Pg.176]

As is true in PSM implementation in the United States, it is not practical to try to do everything at once you must establish priorities for PSM design, development, and installation. The priorities that were appropriate in your U.S. effort may not apply directly to international locations. For example, in some international locations, plants are required to submit risk analyses to the government before undertaking major capital projects. This existing practice may make the capital project review element of PSM a less uigent priority. 

Full or partial implementation. For an integration project, partial or full implementation is relevant to which locations, divisions and facilities will be covered. Furthermore, if your company or a particular division is highly centralized, partial implementation may be out of the question. The central resources will not be aligned to provide support to both integrated and unintegrated activities except by duplication of resources. 

The selected approach was estimated to take 3-6 months for the design stage and one year to implement. The total level of effort was thought to be 2-3 person-years for the first site. Later sites on the schedule would benefit from earlier ones and would be able to see a reduction in these levels of effort to about 1.5-2 person-years, but probably not in the total calendar time required. The total level of effort for all seven locations was estimated to be 13 person-years, and the overall timing was four years, which assumed that roughly two sites would be covered each year. 

In the area of documentation systems, there were several managers who had volunteered their site to be the pilot location. A relatively small location (Poole Harbor) was selected because while it had numerous documentation systems, it was also determined that the overall implementation time would be fairly short. This provided feedback in an expeditious fashion. The remaining managers who had volunteered their sites were used as part of a pilot review team to keep their interest and support active. They actually started to implement the protocols for a few of the documentation systems on their own, in advance of the roll out at their sites. They also became key proponents of the corporate-wide roll out of the overall integration effort, based on their involvement in just this one area. 

With the move of many large chemical companies in the United States and abroad becoming more and more global, the need to be able to compare high-quality data between various company locations becomes essential. We have addressed part of this issue, i.e., high temperature GPC data, in three ways. First, we have standardized on one type of GPC column. Second, we have implemented a quality control procedure to make sure that data stay at a high quality. Finally, we have a procedure in place to approve future batches of gel to assure that the chromatograms from batch to batch will be very comparable. 

Tlie function to be optimized, and its derivative(s), are calculated with a finite precision, which depends on the computational implementation. A stationary point can therefore not be located exactly, the gradient can only be reduced to a certain value. Below this value the numerical inaccuracies due to the finite precision will swamp the true functional behaviour. In practice the optimization is considered converged if the gradient is reduced below a suitable cut-off value. It should be noted that this in some cases may lead to problems, as a function with a very flat surface may meet the criteria without containing a stationary point. 

In a different implementation (Fig. 10.3b), the recycling pump is fixed with respect to the zones. It is always located between zones IV and I where no solutes are present. In order to implement this idea, additional valves are needed, which makes the system more complex than the previous one. Its main interest is found when physical modulation is used, as in the supercritical fluid SMB, for which it can be shown that a great interest could be taken from a higher pressure in zone I [56]. The only way to obtain this result is to maintain the recycling pump immediately before zone I. 

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