Impingement mechanism

Based on the spray impingement mechanism, a new double-layers diffluent combustion system for DI diesel engine is proposed which has a collision platform with circular oriented-surface in order to improve the characteristics of air-fuel mixture and combustion process of diesel engine. 

A tremendous amount of work has been done to delineate the detailed reaction mechanisms for many catalytic reactions on well characterized surfaces [1, 45]. Many of tiiese studies involved impinging molecules onto surfaces at relatively low pressures, and then interrogating the surfaces in vacuum with surface science teclmiques. For example, a usefiil technique for catalytic studies is TPD, as the reactants can be adsorbed onto the sample in one step, and the products fonned in a second step when the sample is heated. Note that catalytic surface studies have also been perfonned by reacting samples in a high-pressure cell, and then returning them to vacuum for measurement. 

SIMS Secondary Ion mass spectroscopy A beam of low-energy Ions Impinges on a surface, penetrates the sample and loses energy In a series of Inelastic collisions with the target atoms leading to emission of secondary Ions. Surface composition, reaction mechanism, depth profiles... 

The foam forming iagredients are carefully metered to obtain the proper ratio of reactants, thoroughly mixed by either mechanical or impingement means, then appHed as a Hquid, a spray, or a froth with subsequent expansion and cuiing. 

Reduce Resonant Vibration. Metal stmctures are induced to vibrate at their natural frequencies when driven mechanically by attachment to some other vibrating stmcture, by impact of solid objects, or by turbulent impingement of a fluid (including air). Examples are stainless steel sinks driven... 

The insulation on the conductor is therefore exposed to a considerable concentration of o2one and subjected to chemical reactions and mechanical erosion from the impingement of ions. This causes deleterious effects and shortens the life of the cable. 

For air flow impinging normally to the surface from slots, nozzles, or perforated plates, the heat-transfer coefficient can be obtained from the data of Friedman and Mueller (Proceedings of the General Discussion on Heat Transfer, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1951, pp. 138-142). These investigators give... 

Impingement Corrosion This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as erosion-corrosion or velocity-accelerated corrosion. It occurs when damage is accelerated by the mechanical removal of corrosion products (such as oxides) which would otherwise tend to stifle the corrosion reac tion. 

The metal loss and resulting split were caused by erosion from impingement of high-velocity steam in which droplets of water were entrained. The conical pinnacles in the affected region are typical of deterioration by this mechanism. 

Meshalin, V. S. 1974. About turbulent stress in impinging jets. In Mechanics of (jases and Fluids. Moscow. 

Erosion resistance The mechanical properties of paints prevent their use in conditions where impingement or erosion by entrained solids is expected. 

Pitting may be defined as a limiting case of localised attack in which only small areas of the metal surface are attacked whilst the remainder is largely unaffected, and this definition is applicable irrespective of the mechanism involved dezincification, crevice corrosion and impingement attack can all result in pitting, although the mechanisms of these three processes are quite different. 

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