Impact of Environmental Stresses on mAb Local Dynamics

In contrast to thermally induced aggregates, isolated aggregates of bevacizumab produced by up to 30 freeze-thaw cycles showed little change in HX kinetics [30]. In this case, thCTe was also no appreciable change in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence or ANS fluorescence between the freeze-thaw-induced aggregate and the control mAb. Results from HX-MS analysis in this study correlated well with fluorescence measurements, and the fluorescence results were consistent with observations in a complementary freeze-thaw and thermally induced aggregate study with another mAb [57]. 

3 Impact of Formulation Additives on mAb Local Dynamics, Conformational Stability, and Aggregation 

Since mAbs are prone to physical and/or chemical degradation due to various stress conditions, a variety of pharmaceutical excipients (such as buffering agents, sugars, sugar alcohols, surfactants, amino acids, salts, etc.) are routinely introduced into protein formulations to increase the solubility 

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