Immunochemistry

Immunoassay is a method that identifies and quantifies unknown analytes usiag antibody—antigen reactions. Techniques are based ia immunochemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry, with a history of development paralleling advances ia microbiology and immunology (see also Immunotherapeutic agents). 

There are a variety of techniques for detecting separated sample compounds using chemical stains, photographic media, and immunochemistry. 

Figure 15.14 Schematic representation of the specific interactions between phosphoryicholine (orange) and the protein side groups (green) in Fab. The binding cavity is in a cleft between the light and the heavy chains. Choiine binds in the interior while the phosphate group is toward the surface. (Adapted from E.A. Padlan et al., Immunochemistry 13 945-949, 1976.)...

JiDffiunkSrper, m. immune body. jfDffiunochemie, /. immunochemistry. ftnpf-. inoculation, vaccination. 

A seminal review by Stacey in 1947 on Aspects of Immunochemistry, and a survey a year later on Chemistry of Immunopolysaccharides, pointed the way to much of his future research. Taken in toto, his chemical work laid a firm basis for correlating the chemical and serological approaches to structure determinations of antigenic polysaccharides. 

Hersch, SM, Guten Kunst, CA, Rees, HD, Heilman, CT and Levey, AJ (1994) Distribution of M1-M4 muscarinic receptor proteins in the rat striatum. Light and electron microscopic immunochemistry using subtype-specific antibodies. J. Neurosci. 141 3351-3363. 

Most used methods are spectrophotometry and immunochemistry, in dedicated laboratories ultracentrifugation. A handbook on this material has been written by Rifai et al. (1997). Certified reference materials for the determination of lipids in serum are provided by NIST. 

National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Novel Foods and Immunochemistry, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan (139)... 

C.A. WiUiams and M.W. Chase, Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry, Academic Press, New York (1967). 

Trulson, M.E., Cannon, M.S., Faegg, T.S., Raese, J.D. Effects of chronic methamphetamine on the nigral-striatal dopamine system in rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase immunochemistry and quantitative light microscopic studies. Brain Res. Bull. 15 569, 1985. 

DeLellis R, Hoda R. Immunochemistry and molecular biology in cytological diagnosis. In Koss Diagnostic Cytology and Its Histopathologic Bases, 5th edition, ed. L Koss and M Melamed, pp. 1635-1680. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006. 

Avrameas, S. (1969) Coupling of enzyme to proteins with glutaraldehyde. Immunochemistry 6, 43-52. 

Avrameas, S., and Ternynck, T. (1971) Peroxidase labelled antibody and Fab conjugates with enhanced intracellular penetration. Immunochemistry 8, 1175. 

Ford, D.J., Radin, R., and Pesce, A.J. (1978) Characterization of glutaraldehyde coupled alkaline phosphatase-antibody and lactoperoxidase-antibody conjugates. Immunochemistry 15, 237. 

Suter, M., and Butler, J.E. (1986) The immunochemistry of sandwich ELISAs. II. A novel system prevents the denaturation of capture antibodies. Immunol. Lett. 13, 313-316. 

Johnstone A, Thorpe R. Immunochemistry in Practice, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 1996. 

Patrick CC, Virella G. Isolation of normal human IgG3. Identical molecular weight for normal and monoclonal gamma-3 chains. Immunochemistry 1978 15 137-139. 

Robinson G, Ellis IO, MacLannan KA. Immunochemistry, in Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques (Bancroft JD, Stevens A, eds.), Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh, New York, 1990. 

Romano EL, Stolinski C, Hughes-Jones NC. An antiglobulin reagent labeled with colloidal gold for use in electron microscopy. Immunochemistry 1974 11 521-522. 

Romano EL, Romano M. Staphyloccal protein A bound to colloidal gold a useful reagent to label antigen-antibody sites for electron microscopy. Immunochemistry 1977 14 711-715. 

The data presented above tend to support the idea that dairying was introduced simultaneously with, or soon after, the adoption of cereal agriculture and domestication of animals. Can other evidence be deployed to support or refute this hypothesis Detection of casein using immunochemistry has also... 

The incorporation of KDO appears to be a vital step in LPS biosynthesis, and, indeed, in growth of the Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the immunochemistry, biochemistry, and synthetic carbohydrate chemistry involving KDO has become of increasing interest in pharmaceutical research. As the significant body of literature published... 

Faulk WP, Taylor GM (1971) Immunocolloid method for electron microscope. Immunochemistry 8 1081 1092... 

Combining two different scientific disciplines morphology and immunochemistry immunohistochemistry has developed as an important instrument in research and clinical pathology. A basic understanding of underlying principles and potential problems is unavoidable if you want to be successful in your use of immunohistochemistry, as well as in getting your papers published and your research grants funded. 

Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, Forschungsinstilut Borstel, lnstitut fur Experimented Biologie und Medizin, D-23845 Borstel, Germany... 

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