Magnetic particle immunoassay

H. Zhang and M.E. Meyerhoff, Gold-coated magnetic particles for solid-phase immunoassays enhancing immobilized antibody binding efficiency and analytical performance. Anal. Chem. 78, 609-616 (2006). 

BMP-IA bacterial magnetic particle-based immunoassay FIIA flow-injection immunoassay PFIA polarization fluoroimmunoassay. b BDD12AC benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride DDAC didecyldimethylammonium chloride. 

Xu T, Cho IK, Wang D, Rubio FM, Shelver WL, Gasc AME, Li J, Li QX (2009) Suitability of magnetic particle immunoassay for the analysis of PBDEs in Hawaiian euryhaline fish and crabs in comparison with gas chromatography/electron capture detection-ion trap mass spectrometry. Environmental Pollution 157 417 22... 

JA Itak, Y Selisker, DP Herzog. Development and evaluation of a magnetic particle based enzyme immunoassay for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide. Chemosphere 24 11-21, 1992. 

In the traditional format, screen-printed electrodes are used as solid phase to carry out the immunoassay and as signal transducers. In recent years, different kinds of beads (glass, graphite particles or magnetic particles) have been used as solid phase to perform the immunoassay. For this reason, it is possible to use a new approach in the immunosensor construction coupling beads to screen-printed electrodes. 

As mentioned earlier, the immunoassay can be done with a number of procedural modifications and in this instance one must substitute the isotope with another molecule (fluorescent dye, magnetic particle, enzyme) which can be measured and therefore serve as the source of tracer. For our initial studies we have chosen to use the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system. At the present time the EIA is still in its infancy and although a number of successful EIA s have been developed the method cannot be considered a panacea (34). The future of this assay appears to be very bright and exciting, and there is considerable interest in the application of the EIA to problems in both microbiology and clinical medicine (34). Many of the procedures and protocols are derived from RIA procedures and the EIA, like the RIA, has the potential to be performed in a multitude of procedural variations but, for the purpose of this manuscript we will describe only the system we have chosen for our use. 

McNally et al. have applied supercritical fluid extraction chromatography to the determination of diuron and linuron in soil [442]. Schlaeppi et al. [443] have described an automated magnetic particle-based chemiluminescent immunoassay for the determination of trisulfuron in soil [462]. 

PCBs in soils and wastewaters can be rapidly screened on site or in the laboratory by immunoassay technique (Chapter 1.13). Immunoassay test kits are now commercially available from many suppliers. The samples can be tested at the calibration levels of 1 to 50 ppm. The kit primarily contains antibody-coated test tubes or magnetic particles, assay diluent, PCB-enzyme conjugate, a color-forming substance, and a solution to quench the reaction. The method does not distinguish accurately one Aroclor from another. PCBs can be measured semiquantitatively by comparing the optical density of the color formed in the sample against a set of calibration standards using a spectrophotometer. 

Gascon, J., G. Durand, and D. Barcelo (1995b). Pilot survey for atrazine and total chlorotriazines in estuarine waters using magnetic particle-based immunoassay and gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detection. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29 1551-1556. 

Hayes, M.C., S.W. Jourdan, and D.P. Herzog (1996). Determination of atrazine in water by magnetic particle immunoassay Collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int., 79 529-537. 

Hottenstein, C.S., F.M. Rubio, D.P. Herzog, J.R. Fleeker, and T.S. Lawruk (1996). Determination of trace atrazine levels in water by a sensitive magnetic particle-based enzyme immunoassay. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44 3576-3581. 

Matsunaga, T., F. Ueki, K. Obata, et al. 2003. Fully automated immunoassay system of endocrine disrupting chemicals using monoclonal antibodies chemically conjugated to bacterial magnetic particles. Anal. Chim. Acta 475 75-83. 

Lawruk, T.S., C.E. Lachman, S.W. Jourdan, et al. 1996. Quantitative determination of PCBs in soil and water by a magnetic particle-based immunoassay. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 695-700. 

One of the first applications of magnetic separation in bioanalysis involves immunoassays (for a review, see Pour Carzaneh et al. (111). Here one specie of the immune couple is immobilized onto the magnetic particle and magnetic separation is performed after formation of an antigen-antibody complex. After proper washing, dissociation of the complex was performed before reading the outcome from the analysis as the amount of bound and then liberated material. 

Matsunaga T, Kawasaki M, Yu X, Tsujimura N, Nakamura N. (1996). Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay using bacterial magnetic particles. Anal. Chem. 68, 3551-3554. 

Tanaka T, Matsunaga T (2000) Fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay of insulin using antibody-protein A-bacterial magnetic particle complexes. Anal Chem 72 3518-3522... 

Tanaka T, Matsunaga T (2001) Detection of HbA(lc) by boronate affinity immunoassay using bacterial magnetic particles. Biosens Bioelectron 16 1089-1094... 

We have identified four important biological application areas for magnetic particle handling in microfluidic systems cell handling and separation, nucleic acid processing and detection, immunoassays, and catalysis. We showed that specific magnetic labeling permits to select or deplete certain... 

J.A. Itak, M.Y. Selisker, D.P. Herzog, J.R. Fleeker, E.R. Bogus, R.O. Mumma, Determination of Captan in Water, Peaches, and Apple Juice by a Magnetic Particle-based Immunoassay , I. AOAC Int, H, 86-91 (1994). 

C.S. Hottenstein, S.W. Jourdan, M.C. Hayes, E.M. Rubio, D.P. Herzog, T.S. Lawruk, Determination of Pen-tachlorphenol in Water and Soil by a Magnetic Particle-based Enzyme Immunoassay , Environ. Sci. Technol, 29, 2754-2758 (1995). 

J.M.A. Schlaeppi, A. Kessler, W. Fory, Development of a Magnetic Particle-based Automated Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Triasulfuron , I. Agric. Food Ghem., 42,1914-1919 (1994). 

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