Immunoaffinity monitoring

As an alternative, immunoaffinity procedures have been developed to selectively extract PAHs from environmental samples. Thomas and Li62 demonstrated the greater efficiency of immunoaffinity methods in comparison with conventional extraction procedures. Bouzige et al.48 prepared an immunosorbent for use in an on-line analytical procedure, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection, to monitor surface water samples. The sensitivity of the fluorescence detection in combination with the selectivity of the immunosorbent (IS) extraction enabled PAH compounds to be detected at levels between 2 and 10 ng I. 

Number of antibodies that can be produced is practically unlimited, hence wide development of immunoassays not only for determination of macromolecules, which induce immunoreactions, but also for small molecule analytes inducing such reaction after binding into suitable conjugates. Besides immunoassays carried out in various formats and immunoaffinity liquid chromatography, since many years very broad studies are carried out on design of integrated immunosensors.127129 In principle their construction should simplify the immunochemical determination by elimination various steps necessary in conventional immunoassays based on the use of labels to monitor the immunochemical reaction. In immunochemical process, the... 

Piezoelectric quartz crystals serve as resonator-based transducers for direct and real-time monitoring of immunoaffinity interactions. The measuring system is briefly characterized several examples for immobilization of antibodies are recommended. The piezoelectric immunoassays employing direct, competitive, and displacement-based formats are demonstrated on examples. The method for kinetic characterization of immunoaffinity interactions is presented. 

The selectivity of immunosensors for steroid analytes is achieved with the use of appropriately selected monoclonal antibodies. The carbon working electrode provides a suitable surface for passive adsorption of proteins, and can therefore be tailored with an appropriate antibody, so that it will act as an immunoactive surface upon which an immunoaffinity assay can be performed an electrochemical signal can then be generated by monitoring the production of an electroactive species at the underlying electrode surface. We and other workers have found that to retain maximum monoclonal antibody activity, it is desirable to use a primary antibody (rabbit IgG), which serves both to capture (e.g., from a culture medium) and to orientate the mAb. Hence this approach... 

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