Immune system research

The majority of the proteins in clinical trials in August 1991 were monoclonal antibodies for treatment of sepsis or neoplasia (see Immunotherapeutic agents). Monoclonal antibodies are derived in most cases from mouse cell lines. This leads to the problem that the antibodies are recognized as foreign by the human immune system. Research efforts are directed toward humanizing antibodies so that these molecules can escape immune surveillance, for example, by the systematic replacement of murine-specific peptide sequences with human homologues while still maintaining the... 

In 1993, a scientific link was established between ozone depletion and increases in ultraviolet radiation. It was found that increased exposure to UV-B radiation causes skin cancer, the formation of cataracts, and the suppression of the human immune system. Research has shown skin cancer to be as common as all other types of cancer combined. Sunscreens can protect humans from the risk of some skin cancers. Unfortunately they do not appear to provide protection against damage to the immune system. 

Immunoinformatics is a newly emergent subdiscipline within the informatic sciences that deals specifically with the unique problems of the immune system. Like bioinformatics, immunoinformatics complements, but never replaces, laboratory experimentation. It allows researchers to address, in a systematic manner, the most important questions in the still highly empirical world of immunology and vaccine discovery. 

Health benefits — Research reports indicate that natural (3-carotene possesses numerous benefits for the human body and consistently supports the use of (3-carotene as part of the human diet. The human body converts (3-carotene to vitamin A via body tissues as opposed to the liver, hence avoiding a build-up of toxins in the liver. Vitamin A is essential for the human body in that it assists the immune system and helps battle eye diseases such as cataracts and night blindness, various skin ailments such as acne, signs of aging, and various forms of cancer. 

Castro, G.A. and Amtzen, C.J. (1993) Immunophysiology of the gut a research frontier for integrative studies of the common mucosal immune system. American Journal of Physiology G599-G610. 

Bone metabolism has quickly become a topic of fascinating research. The bone, far from being a metabolically inactive tissue, is a tissue where different cell types and different molecules carry out numerous and varied functions. This has been due largely to the discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system of cytokines. These new molecules are decisive in OCS, bone metabolism, and bone loss, but they are also important for other tissues and cells. Indeed, these proteins are critical in several systems the immune system, where they have functions that affect cell survival and the immunomodulation of T-, B-, and dendritic cells the vascular system and the endocrine system. 

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