Immune system in vivo

P. Hultman, Effects of inorganic mercury on the murine immune system in vivo. Autoimmunity and systemic immune-complex deposits. Dissertation, Linkdping 1989. 

Albumin solutions are manufactured from pooled plasma. They can contain other plasma constituents, such as heme compounds, prekalli-krein, endotoxins, bradykinin and bilirubin, in sufficient concentrations to cause clinical effects (Pulimood Park 2000). Some batches of human albumin have been shown to induce the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in vitro (Nohe et al 1999), which could result in activation of the immune system in vivo. Despite appropriate precautions during the manufacturing process, there is always a theoretical chance of transmission of disease with any biological product. 

M. S. Leguizamon, E. Mocetti, H. Garcia Rivello, P. F. Argibay, and O. Campetella, trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi induces apoptosis in cells from the immune system in vivo, J. Infect. Dis., 180(1999) 1398-1402. 

Rihova B, Kopeckova P, Strohalm J, Rossmann P, Vetvicka V, Kopecek J. Antibody directed affinity therapy applied to the immune system in vivo effectiveness and limited toxicity of daunomycin conjugates to HPMA copolymers and targeting antibody. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1988 46 100-114. 

Increasingly the existence of multiresistant strains is reported, especially in the United States but also elsewhere. Also the occurrence of infections with difficult to treat, so called atypical mycobacteria like Mycobacterium avium intracellulare and Mycobacterium kansasii is on the rise. These infections are especially seen in patients with a compromised immune system. In vitro these atypical mycobacteria often show resistance against first-choice drugs. However this in vitro lack of sensitivity does not always correspond with in vivo responses. 

Three families of polymers have been used to study transfection mechanisms polyamines, polyamides, and polyvinyl type polymers. The transfection efficiencies achievable with these systems vary widely, so an in-depth analysis of each polymer family and subsequent comparison of what affects gene delivery will be discussed in this chapter. In addition to high transfection efficiency, it is important for the polymeric systems to be relatively nontoxic to cells in vitro and not to elicit an immune response in vivo. Thus, the effect of transfection parameters on cytotoxicity and immunogenicity will also be examined. 

Baczynsky WO, Zimmerman AM (1983a) Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol on the immune system in mice. I. In vivo investigation of the primary and secondary immune response. Pharmacology 26 1-11... 

Lutsiak CM, Sosnowski DL, Wishart DS, Kwon GS, Samuel J. Use of a liposome antigen deliveiy system to alter immune responses in vivo. J Pharm Sci 1998 87 1428-1432. 

The intrinsic abilities of the nanogels enable greater systemic accumulations of their dmg load and binding more immune cells in vivo increases the longevity of the patient and delays the onset of kidney damage, a common complication of lupus (an autoimmune disease)... 

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