Imaging Instruments

As well as straightforward imaging instruments such as light microscopes, electron microscopes and scanning probe microscopes, combined imaging and spectroscopic instruments are becoming more and more popular in analytical laboratories. All of these are also being reduced in size for easier transport, space considerations and an associated drop in cost. 

As with the electron microscope, there have been challenges in reducing the size of scanning probe microscopes but it has been achieved. In fact, due to their smaller size and 

Portable spectral imaging systems for medical applications is a growing field. One example is the portable near infrared system for topographic imaging of the brains of 

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Usually no, although imaging instruments have been built... 

John C. Russ. Computer Assisted Microscopy. Plenum Press, New York, 1990. A highly readable account of the applications of computers to SEMs and other imaging instruments. 

Bearman G.H., Levenson R.M., Cabib D. (Eds) Spectral Imaging Instrumentation, Applications, and Analysis, SPIE Publications, 2000. 

Finite resolution and partial volume effects. Although this can occur in other areas of imaging such as MRS, it is particularly an issue for SPECT and PET because of the finite resolution of the imaging instruments. Resolution is typically imaged as the response of the detector crystal and associated electron to the point or line source. These peak in the center and fall off from a point source, for example, in shapes that simulate Gaussian curves. These are measures of the ability to resolve two points, e.g. two structures in a brain. Because brain structures, in particular, are often smaller than the FWHM for PET or SPECT, the radioactivity measured in these areas is underestimated both by its small size (known as the partial volume effect), but also spillover from adjacent radioactivity... 

Evolution of NIR Imaging Instrumentation 8.3.1 Spatially resolved spectroscopy - mapping... 

Figure 8.1 Schematic representation of NIR chemical imaging instrument operating in diffuse reflectance mode. Radiation from the illumination source interacts with the sample. Light reflected off of the sample is focused onto a NIR sensitive 2D detector after passing through a solid-state tunable wavelength selection filter.

The Au-coated glass slide on which the 3-D NPH-SA and 2-D SA were spotted see Subheading 3.3.4) was placed in the SPR imaging instrument as described by the manufacturer. Using a pump, the running buffer (PBS) was applied to the array surface at a constant flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. 

SPR imaging instrument (Toyobo) with analysis program. 

The fabricated sugar array was placed into an SPR imaging instrument. 

Near-infrared chemical imaging instrumentation is rugged and flexible, suitable for both the laboratory and the manufacturing environment. Therefore analysis methods developed in the laboratory can often be tailored for implementation near-line or at-line. NIR-CI is also a massively parallel approach to NIR spectroscopy, making the technique well suited for high-throughput applications. 

Lewis, E. N., DuBois, J. and Kidder, L. H. NIR imaging, instrumentation and its applications to agricultural and food engineering. In Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Food Science and Technology (Yukihiro Ozaki, W. Fred McClure, and Alfred Christy, eds), John Wiley Sons, in press. 

The sun, an important factor to take into account in remote sensing using spectroscopic imaging instruments. The passive optical system and the atmosphere through which the energy passes, both from the sun to the earth s surface and back to the instrument, interferes with the data collected. Atmospheric distortions include the effect of scattered dry air molecules (haze) and absorption by air molecules. 

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