Heart imaging

T1, as the thallous ion (Tl+), has been used for imaging heart function under stress and rest conditions since about 1975. The thallous ion distributes in viable heart muscle as a potassium ion mimic, through the Na+-K+ ATPase pump. Clinical images with 201T1 show the infarcted regions of the heart as cold spots or without radioactivity. 2 T1 decays by electron capture with a... 

Cd Cancer detection Pediatric imaging Heart disease diagnostics... 

Figure Bl.4.2. (A) Basic components of an astronomical heterodyne receiver. The photomicrograph in (B) presents the heart of a quasi-optical SIS mixer and its associated superconducting timing circuits, while the image in (C) shows the fiilly assembled mixer, as it would be incorporated into a low-temperature cryostat (J Zmuidzinas, private conmumication).

The great diversity of applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in a plethora of teclnhques which at first sight can seem bemusmg. However, at heart they are built on a series of connnon... 

Zerhouni E A, Parrish D M, Rodgers W J, Yang A and Shapiro E P 1988 Fluman-heart-tagging with MR imaging-... 

Cardiac nuclear imaging using Tc -red blood cells can measure the fraction of blood pumped by the heart during each beat. Tc -DTPA and sodium (9-iodohippurate, C H INNaO, are used to measure renal function of the kidney. The enhanced or diminished uptake of... 

The isotope molybdenum-99 is produced in large quantity as the precursor to technetium-99y, a radionucleide used in numerous medical imaging procedures such as those of bone and the heart (see Medical imaging technology). The molybdenum-99 is either recovered from the fission of uranium or made from lighter Mo isotopes by neutron capture. Typically, a Mo-99 cow consists of MoO adsorbed on a lead-shielded alumina column. The TcO formed upon the decay of Mo-99 by P-decay, = 66 h, has less affinity for the column and is eluted or milked and either used directly or appropriately chemically derivatized for the particular diagnostic test (100). 

Technetium-9 9m sestamibi is used in myocardial perfusion imaging for the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. It is prepared from a lyophilized kit containing tetrakis(2-methoxy isobutyl isonittile) copper(I) tetrafluoroborate stored under nitrogen. Upon reconstitution with up to 5.6 GBq (150 mCi) of 99mTc pertechnetate, the product is formed by boiling for 10 minutes. 

Hubbard RL, Marsden ME, Rachal JV, et al Drug Abuse Treatment A National Study of Effectiveness. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1989 Hunt DE, Lipton DS, Goldsmith DS, et al It takes yom heart the image of methadone maintenance in the addict world and its effect on recruitment into treatment. Int J Addict 20 1751-1771, 1985-1986... 

Technetium-99m can be used to collect images of the thyroid gland, brain, lungs, heart, liver, stomach,... 

E. A. Zerhouni, D. M. Parrish, W. J. Rodgers, A. Yang, E. P. Shapiro 1988, (Human heart Tagging with MR imaging - a method of noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion), Radiology 169, 59. 

BP, blood pressure Cl, continuous infusion CT, computed tomography ECG, electrocardiogram EEG, electroencephalography HR, heart rate ICU, intensive care unit IV, intravenous IVP, intravenous push OTC, over the counter MRI, magnetic resonance imaging PE, phenytoin equivalents PR, per rectum RR, respiratory rate T, temperature. 

Transesophageal echocardiogram A procedure used to generate an image of the heart using sound waves, via a probe introduced into the esophagus (rather than the traditional transthoracic view) in order to obtain a better image of the left atrium. 

McLean, Adam. Adam McLean s Gallery of alchemical images. Mystical Heart engravings by Paul Kaym and Nicolaus Haublin. Helleleuchtender Hertzens-Spiegel, 1680. [http //www.levitv.com/ alchemv/amcl kavm.htmll. 2001. 

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