Image three-dimensional representations

Before the data can be visualised, ie displayed in a two or three-dimensional representation, the ultrasonic responses from the interior of the test-piece must be reconstructed from the raw ultrasonic data. The reconstruction process projects ultrasonic indications into 3D space. As well as reconstructing the entire ultrasonic data set within an acquisition file, it is possible to define an arbitrary sub-volume of the test object over which reconstruction will take place. The image resolution may also be defined by the user. Clearly, larger volumes or greater resolution will increase the computation time for both the reconstruction and visualisation processes. 

Z-series images allow samples to be studied at different depths, and thus provide information about the three-dimensional distribution of solids and liquid. The number of fields (z series) that can be viewed depends on pinhole position, objective, and sample brightness. Fewer planes can be observed in darker samples. Images taken at steps of 3pm are needed to obtain a three dimensional representation of the microstructure. 

Fig. 12.14. Resonance Raman imaging results for the macular pigment distribution in the retina of a volunteer subject, a Typical gray-scale image obtained after subtraction of fluorescence background from pixel intensity map containing Raman response and superimposed fluorescence background, b Gray-scaled, three-dimensional representation of gray-scale image...

Figure 8.2 Fluorescence microscopic images at different concentrations of spermidine (spd), indicating elongated coil (left), coexistence of coil and compact DNAs (middle), and the folded compact state (right) in pig DNA (ca. 60kbp). Corresponding quasi-three-dimensional representations of the light intensity distribution are also shown (middle column). Distribution of the long-axis length is given in the bottom column, where the open and closed bars indicate the...

Figure 3. Three-dimensional representations of the spectrum from a mercury pen lamp recorded with an image dissector and a silicon target vidicon (30)...

The Visible Human Project is a three-dimensional representation of the male and female body. The current phase deals with transverse CT, MR, and cryosection images at 1-mm intervals. 

Crystallography is a three-dimensional subject. (Indeed, four or more dimensions are used in the mathematical description of incommensurate structures.) This implies that understanding will be assisted by any techniques that allow for three-dimensional representations. Computer graphics that can display crystal and molecular structures as virtual three-dimensional images are of particular importance. In some instances it can be said... 

Fig. 2.4 Effect of radical concentration in 100 nm-size polyradical particles, (i) AFM, (ii) MFM images obtained by phase shift detection, and (iii) three-dimensional representations of MFM images of the polyradical particles with various radical concentrations (mmol/g). (a) 1.1, (b) 0.85, (c) 0.60, (d) 0.17, (e) 0.

Fig. 2.6 Force microscopic images of the polyradical 10 with M = 3.2XIO. (a) (i) AFM, (ii) MFM and (iii) three-dimensional representation of MFM image using the MFM probe magnetized in one direction perpendicular to the sample surface and (b) force microscopic images of 10 under the same conditions except for the use of a probe magnetized in the opposite direction.

In the following diagram, on the left is a three-dimensional representation of 2-propanol, and on the right is its mirror image ... 

Three-dimensional representations of lactic acid and its mirror image. 

Visible Human Project http //www.nhn.nih.gov/research/visible/visible gallay.html (accessed June 17, 2010). The National Library of Medicine s database of digital images of complete, anatomically detailed, three dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. Of interest to practitioners of clinical medicine and biomedical... 

Plate 57 Three STM images of a N13 cluster adsorbed on a M0S2 basal plane at 4 K. All three images show a 60A area and are plotted as three-dimensional representations with the same aspect ratio and with the same angle of view. The images were acquired with sample biases of + 2 V (upper), + 1.4 V (middle), and —2 V (lower). Reproduced with the permission of the American Chemical Society from Kushmerick JG and Weiss PS (1998) Journal of Physical Chemistry B102 10094-10097. See Scanning Probe Microscopes. 

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