Illite description

Statement 1. This is still an accurate description of the oil sand system. The clay is largely kaolinite and illite, with essentially no evidence of montmorillonite (2). The viscosity of the bitumen ranges from 5000 to about 75,000 cS at 100 °F, with the higher values being observed near the bottom of the deposit (2). As the bitumen content of an oil sand increases, its water and clay content decrease (7). 

Several sets of experimental data providing proton adsorption and ion adsorption on clays and clay-containing soils are described below and modeled later. The description starts with two monmorillonite samples, continues with illite, and finishes with a kaolinitic soil. 

Aluminosilicates such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite are solids that have structures readily accessible to counter ions. The excess negative charge resulting from isomorphic substitution of Al for Si is primarily distributed over the three adjacent surface O atoms of the layer, where it is electrically balanced by mobile, exchangeable cations- Thermodynamically, ion exchange can be interpreted in terms of the interlayer electrostatic interaction between surface charges and hydrated cations in accordance with the classical Eisenman theory (Eisenman, 1983). A comprehensive description has recently been given by Maes and Cremers (1986). 

PZC/IEP of Illite from Clay Minerals Society s Source Clays Repository Description Electrolyte T Method Instrument pHo Reference... 

Tirrawarra Sandstones in the Moorari and Fly Lake Fields consist mainly of medium-grained, moderately sorted sublitharenites (mostly mica schist and phyllite, shale and siltstone clasts) (classification of Folk, 1974). A variety of authigenic minerals are recognized, including syntaxial quartz overgrowths, minor illite, patchy kaolinite and siderite. Attention is focused on the siderite and only a short description of the other diagenetic minerals is provided here. 

Characteristics of Common Forms of Clay Minerals. Although many different forms of clays are found in reservoir rocks, the more frequently encountered clays from fines migration perspective are kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite (5). A brief description of their characteristics is included in the following. 

Figure 10. Schematic box and whisker plots of (a) CFA, (b) carbonate minerals (i.e., calcite and dolomite), and (c) total silicates (i.e., quartz, muscovite, illite, albite, orthoclase, buddingtonite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) in the least-, less-, and more-weathered sections from three active phosphate mines in southeastern Idaho (Fig. 4). [Refer to Figure 5 for a description of the schematic box and whisker plot.] Data from Knudsen (2002).

A description and prediction of particulate matter distribution in water are of great direct importance for the assessment of water quality in the broadest sense. The term particulates is used to summarize suspended inorganic and organic particles in that order of size where interparticle forces become important. For all practical purposes particulate matter in natural water consists mainly of the different clay fractions (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, etc.) of metal oxides and of... 

Both models have also been fitted to the sediment data of Ketelmeer and Hollands Diep. No three-parameter model could adequately describe either the illite or the sediment data. The model fits to the sediment data are included in Figure 3. The parameter values are listed in Table I. The 2-box model provides an adequate description of the data, but tends to overpredict radiocesium sorption during the first 24 to 48 hours, particularly at low total-Cs concentrations. As was needed for Cs... 

FIGURE 8.21 Schematic view of an interstratified illite-smectite mineral. At the left is the description in terms of the McEwan model and at right in the view of the interparticle model. (Adapted from Thompson, M.L. and Ukrainczyk, L., Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, 2002, with permission). 

To date, potentiometric titration is still a main approach to study the surface acid base chemistry of clay minerals. Only some papers deal with the dissolution of a solid matrix resulting in various hydrolyzed aluminum species, silicic acid and their product hydrous aluminosilicates, though their interaction with a clay surface should be considered in the modeling description. The surface complexation model (SCM) was successfully applied in a recent paper [6] to interpret surface acid-base reactions involving the dissolution of illite clays during prolonged titration. Voluminous literature on ion adsorption and surface complexation... 

Silicagel R (Reanal, Hungary, analytical grade), silica powder (precipitated from commercial sodium silicate solution by alcohol and then dried and sieved. The Na content at the surface of the precipitated silica was 3.07 mmol per 100 g solid powder, determined poten-tiometrically.), silicates Sepiolite (Spain), Zeolite 13X (Linde, FRG), kaolinite (Zettlitz, FRG), illite (Fiizerrad-vany, Hungary), montmorillonite (Mad, Hungary), and vermiculite (South Africa). The specific surface areas of the adsorbents are summarized in Table 1. Their detailed description has been published [23—26]. 

Soil micas exhibit a wide variety of compositional, structural, and morphological features. This is also reflected by the nomenclature used in soil mineralogy. Hydrous mica, micaceous clay, sericite, illite, and degraded illite are some of the terms used, partly synonymously for the general description of fine-grained micas in soils, and partly with special reference to particular deviations from the ideal mica structure. 

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