Ignition temperature tables

The most important polyhydric alcohols are shown in Figure 1. Each is a white soHd, ranging from the crystalline pentaerythritols to the waxy trimethylol alkyls. The trihydric alcohols are very soluble in water, as is ditrimethylol-propane. Pentaerythritol is moderately soluble and dipentaerythritol and tripen taerythritol are less soluble. Table 1 Hsts the physical properties of these alcohols. Pentaerythritol and trimethyl olpropane have no known toxic or irritating effects (1,2). Finely powdered pentaerythritol, however, may form explosive dust clouds at concentrations above 30 g/m in air. The minimum ignition temperature is 450°C (3). 

Table 9. Ignition Temperatures and Burning Rates of Styrene-Based Polymers ...

The ignition temperature is the minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion. Table 2 also Hsts ignition temperatures of several common ethers. Attention is directed to the particularly low ignition temperature of ethyl ether, especially with reference to some common ignition sources such as a lighted cigarette (732°C) or a pressurized (0.7 MPa or 100 psi) steam line (180°C). 

Based on the ignition temperature of these inflammable substances. Table 7.4 shows the groups of substances requiring specially constructed motors. 

Table 7.4 Grouping of gases, chemical vapour and volatile liquids, their ignition temperature and limits of permissible temperature at the external surface of the motor based on lEC 60079-20...

Surface temperature should not exceed the ignition temperature noted in Table 7.6 for a particular temperature class under any conditions of operation. There is no limit to the temperature rise to the permissible limits for a particular class of insulation of windings or other parts of the machine, except the limiting surface temperature as in Table 7.6. For such an application, a normal 1P 55 enclosure may also be employed. 

The classification of gases, vapour and volatile liquids according to their ignition temperatures has been given in Table 7.4. The basic requirements of these enclosures,... 

These can be readily ignited by flames, sparks, static electrical discharges (often the most likely), hot surfaces, and many other sources. Table 7-31 lists dust cloud ignition temperatures ranging from 572°F to 1112° F, and can be contrasted to flammable vapor-air ignition temperatures from 428° F to 1170°F. Generally, ignition tempera-... 

Combustion is generally initiated by the introduction of a finite amount of energy to raise a finite volume of the material to its ignition temperature. Potential ignition sources for vapour—air mixtures are listed in Table 5.3, and temperatures in Table 5.4. They include ... 

Table 9.2. Effect of ZnO ignition temperature on cement setting time (Prosser Wilson, 1982)...

Hydrazine is an unstable substance because of its positive enthalpy of formation. It decomposes when heated. The decomposition can cause an inflammation even in the absence of air. It can also combust spontaneously in the presence of various materials from clothes to soil (see tables in Part Three the self-ignition temperatures vary according to the materials in contact with hydrazine). Also, violent decomposition of hydrazine in a steel reactor occurs when in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. 

The interaction of disulphide with oxygen can be very dangerous. This compound has a very low self-ignition temperature (see tables in Part Three). When rust is present it can cause the mixture to detonate by catalysing the oxidation reaction. 

Compounds which are considered to be unusually hazardous in a fire context because of their low flash points (below 25°C) or auto-ignition temperatures (below 225°C) are included in the table. The names used are those titles in the text of Section 1 which are prefixed with a dagger. Synonyms may be found either in Section 1 or in the alphabetical index of chemical names and synonyms in Appendix 4. Boiling points are given for those compounds boiling below 50°C. 

Table 5. Representative ignition temperatures, minimum explosion concentration, and minimum ignition energy for selected dusts, from NFPA Fire Protection Handbook (National Fire Protection Association, 1986) and other sources.

The results of the catalytic activity for methane combustion are summarised in Table 1 and fig. 1. The methane conversions of the Pd2HZSHe catalyst are higher than those of the Pd2HZIHe sample. In fact, the ignition temperatures T10% (temperature necessary to have 10% of methane conversion) are respectively 355 and 371°C. This result suggests that the catalyst prepared by solid-exchange method is more active than that prepared by impregnation. 

Table-. BET surface area, total pore volume, micro-pore volume, ignition temperature Tio% reduction temperature TR and average particle diameter of the Pd-ZSM-5 catalysts. ...

Thermal calculations suggest that the char barrier approach can be highly efficient if optimized. Funt and Magill (8) showed that a 1 mm layer would keep an underlying substrate from reaching ignition temperature when the external fire atmosphere was at 743 C, and a 2.7 mm layer would suffice when the fire atmosphere was at 1500 C (Table II). 

Table V. Effect of Metal Ions on the Minimum Ignition Temperature (in Oxygen) of Cottonwood Chars...

Table 7.4 Estimated ignition temperatures and critical flux for redwood...

Table 7.4 clearly shows that the ignition temperature for autoignition is considerably higher than for piloted ignition. In conformance with this behavior, Boonmee [15] indicates that the corresponding fuel mass fractions needed are about 0.10 and 0.45 0.15 for the pilot and autoignition of redwood respectively. 

---