Identification of Analogs

Any charge independent theory would predict superallowed transitions between the states of a charge multiplet, but the fact that they are also found between the states of a supermultiplet (see Shap. Eli and EIII) is strong evidence for the Wigner classification. The observation of such superallowed transitions, which are discussed by Bolsterli and Feenberg [46], sometimes permits identification of analogous states in isobaric nuclei. 

The parent drug of this series, promazine (24), was prepared originally as an antihistamine. Following the identification of the more potent chloro analog as an antipsychotic, it too came into use for that indication. The drug is prepared by straightforward alkylation of phenothiazine with w-C3-chloropropyl)di-methylamine by means of sodium hydride in xylene. ... 

Hori, K., Wampler, J. E., Matthews, J. C., and Cormier, M. J. (1973). Identification of the product excited states during the chemiluminescent and bioluminescent oxidation of Renilla (sea pansy) luciferin and certain of its analogs. Biochemistry 12 4463-4468. 

Probably all adenylyl cyclases are inhibited competitively by substrate analogs, which bind at the site and to the enzyme configuration with which cation-ATP binds (cf Fig. 4). One of the best competitive inhibitors is (3-L-2, 3 -dideoxy adenosine-5 -triphosphate ( 3-L-2, 3 -dd-5 -ATP Table 4) [4], which allowed the identification of the two metal sites within the catalytic active site (cf Fig. 4) [3]. This ligand has also been labeled with 32P in the (3-phosphate and is a useful ligand for reversible, binding displacement assays of adenylyl cyclases [4]. The two inhibitors, 2, 5 -dd-3 -ATP and 3-L-2, 3 -dd-5 -ATP, are comparably potent... 

The constants 3 are almost independent of the substituents on the benzene ring (H, 4-C1, and 4-N02). The identification of the primary and secondary products 6.20 and 6.21 as the (Z)- and ( >isomers respectively is based solely on analogies with diazoates and diazocyanides with respect to UV spectra, etc. The conclusion may be incorrect, although that is unlikely. The reduction to the hydrazinedisul-fonate (6.22) becomes kinetically significant only in the presence of excess sulfite. 

This method, which had already been recognized in 1953 by Andrew and his co-workers 4), eliminates dipolar broadening and brings forth spectra almost analogous, to those of the low-viscous liquid state. Therefore, it also permits the use of chemical shifts for the identification of nuclei in different chemical environments and motional states. 

The mechanisms of the metabolism and excretion of P-carotene are not clear, other than the identification of a number of partially oxidised intermediates found in plasma (Khachik et al., 1992). It is assumed that the carotenoids are metabolised in a manner analogous to the P-oxidation of fatty acids although there is no evidence for this. 

After identification of A9-THC as the major active compound in Cannabis and its structural elucidation by Mechoulam and Gaoni in 1964 [66], a lot of work was invested in chemical synthesis of this substance. Analogous to the biosynthesis of cannabinoids, the central step in most of the A9-THC syntheses routes is the reaction of a terpene with a resorcin derivate (e.g., olivetol). Many different compounds were employed as terpenoid compounds, for example citral [67], verbenol [68], or chrysanthenol [69]. The employment of optically pure precursors is inevitable to get the desired (-)-trans-A9-THC. 

K. Mizutani, T. Electronic and structural requirements for metabolic activation of butylated hydroxytoluene analogs to their quinone methides, intermediates responsible for lung toxicity in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1997, 20, 571-573. (c) McCracken, P. G. Bolton, J. L. Thatcher, G. R. J. Covalent modification of proteins and peptides by the quinone methide from 2-rm-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol selectivity and reactivity with respect to competitive hydration. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 1820-1825. (d) Reed, M. Thompson, D. C. Immunochemical visualization and identification of rat liver proteins adducted by 2,6-di- m-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1997, 10, 1109-1117. (e) Lewis, M. A. Yoerg, D. G. Bolton, J. L. Thompson, J. Alkylation of 2 -deoxynucleosides and DNA by quinone methides derived from 2,6-di- m-butyl-4-methylphenol. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1996, 9, 1368-1374. 

Tamamura H, Fujisawa M, Hiramatsu K, et al. Identification of a CXCR4 antagonist, a T140 analog, as an anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent. FEBS Lett 2004 569(1—3) 99—104. 

With the identification of the TS trajectory, we have taken the crucial step that enables us to carry over the constructions of the geometric TST into time-dependent settings. We now have at our disposal an invariant object that is analogous to the fixed point in an autonomous system in that it never leaves the barrier region. However, although this dynamical boundedness is characteristic of the saddle point and the NHIMs, what makes them important for TST are the invariant manifolds that are attached to them. It remains to be shown that the TS trajectory can take over their role in this respect. In doing so, we follow the two main steps of time-independent TST first describe the dynamics in the linear approximation, then verify that important features remain qualitatively intact in the full nonlinear system. 

Is the Reaction Under Study Properly Identified It may seem ridiculous to ask the experimenter whether the reaction whose kinetics are being studied is actually the reaction he or she thinks it is. Nonetheless, the literature contains many examples of the incorrect identification of reactions. One cannot always reason that the products of a reaction are the corresponding analogs of a well-characterized... 

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