ICP-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Goenaga-lnfante, H. (2005) ICP-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, in ICP Mass Spectrometry Handbook (ed. S. Nelms), Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 69-84. 

Time-of-flight mass spectrometers for ICP-MS offer the potential for traly simultaneous multi-isotopic detection, at lower cost and greater speed than the alternatives currently available. This part of the book aims to describe the operation of ICP-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) and to discuss the most relevant applications of this instrumentation. 

Signals from laser ablation ICP-MS are transient and can vary widely over time. Therefore, a simultaneous detection system, using time-of-flight mass spectrometry [56] or a multiple detector sector-based mass spectrometer [57-59] is preferable. Quadrupole mass spectrometers can be used, with some limitations, if signals are properly acquired and processed [60]. 

Figure 7 Quadrupole lens system tested for inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS). L1-L4, cylinder lenses Qx, x dimension poles, Qy, y dimension poles rO, radius of quadrupole open aperture (0.5 cm) SI, second-stage extraction optic C, Faraday cup Gl, grounded entry grid G2 acceleration grid Yl, Y2, steering plates. (From Ref. 28.)...

L. Abranko, Z. Stefanka, P. Fodor, Possibilities and limits of the simultaneous determination of As, Bi, Ge, Sb, Se, and Sn by flow injection-hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (FI-HG-ICP-TOFMS), Anal Chim. Acta, 493 (2003), 13-21. 

Tian X., Emteborg H. and Adams F. C. (1999) Analytical performance of axial inductively coupled plasma time of flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOFMS), J Anal At Spectrom 14 1807-1814. 

Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is an alternative to scanning-based mass analyzers. Coupled to ICP it can produce a complete mass spectrum in less than 50 /rsec. CGC combined with ICP-TOFMS has been developed for the speciation of Hg " ° and later improved by MCGC-ICP-TOFS "" allowing complete chromatographic separation within a chromatographic runtime of less than 1 min. 

The book concentrates on the most common instruments nsed in chemical, environmental, biological, and medical research. Less frequently encountered forms of mass spectrometry are not addressed, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS), and single-particle laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPLAT). 

Kidness et al. (29) characterized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for imaging of biological tissues in terms of precision. Precisions for thin sections of sheep liver reached 27-59% (raster scan) and 9-47% (line scan) RSD for copper, whereas the precision for zinc was significantly better, 8-18% (raster scan) and 4-21% (line scan) RSD. 

Willie, S., Mester, Z., and Sturgeon, R.E. (2005) Isotope ratio precision with transient sample introduction using ICP orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 20, 1358-1364. 

Figure 1.13 Selected analytical techniques used for metallomics studies. ICP-OES, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry LA-ICP-MS, laser ablation ICP-MS XRF, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy PIXE, proton induced X-ray emission NAA, neutron activation analysis SIMS, secondary ion mass spectroscopy GE, gel electrophoresis LC, liquid chromatography GC, gas chromatography MS, mass spectrometry, which includes MALDI-TOF-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and ESI-MS, electron spray ionization mass spectrometry NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance PX, protein crystallography XAS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy NS, neutron scattering.

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