Ice friction

ICE ADHESION AND ICE FRICTION MODIFICATION USING PULSED THERMAL POWER... 

It was also found that a technique similar to PETD technique applied to an ice-slider interface can increase static and low-velocity ice friction up to one hundred times [3]. The method was tested on cross-country skis, non-slip shoes, and prototypes of automotive tires. The method was named Pulse Electro-Thermal Brake (PETB). 

SPEEDSKATE ICE FRICTION REVIEW AND NUMERICAL MODEL - FAST 1.0... 

A valuable resource is Colbeck s bibliography, which lists 192 references on ice friction, dating from 1900 to 1991. Nevertheless, Colbeck has overlooked some significant work such as Fitz et al., and he lists no publications for the past fifteen years. Rosenberg traces published scientific interest in ice slipperiness and ice adhesion as far back as W. and J.J. Thomson in the 1850 s and Michael Faraday in 1859, and there are trails leading back to Rene Descartes in the 1630 s. ... 

Over the past two decades, there have also been theoretical and experimental advances related to ice friction in other contexts. Some of these have the potential to be imported into a... 

We begin by considering the blade-ice contact area. We then formulate the ploughing and shear stress forces, which together comprise the ice friction. Next, we posit the lubrication equation and solve it using finite-differences. Finally, we validate the model results against experimental data and show some additional model predictions. 

Figure 4 Effect of ice temperature and skating velocity on coefficient of kinetic ice friction...

Despite significant simplification of the speedskate ice friction problem, FAST 1.0 is able to predict kinetic ice friction coefficients that are consistent with the published measurements of de Koning et al., with an error of about 20% or less. 

Under conditions typical of competitive speedskating, frictional melting, squeeze flow and heat conduction into the ice all play an important role in determining skate blade lubrication. Pressure-induced freezing point depression and the quasi-liquid layer are accounted for in the model, but they play only a minor role in determining the kinetic ice friction coefficient. 

Because of the complex nature of the temperature and velocity dependence of the kinetic ice friction coefficient, it is important to measure ice friction under conditions that are as close as possible to those where the data will be applied. It is inadvisable to apply or extrapolate measurements and inferences made at low velocities to skating at much higher velocities. 

Future improvements to FAST will include accounting for more realistic skating biomechanics and application to skeleton and bobsled ice friction. FAST could be a useful vehicle for developing and testing new ideas to improve performance by reducing ice friction. 

S.C. Colbeck, Bibliography on Snow and Ice Friction, US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 93-6, 1993, 18. 

ION. Maeno and M. Arakawa, Adhesion shear theoiy of ice friction at low sliding velocities, combined with ice sintering. Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, 95, 134. 

B.A. Marmo, and J.R. Blackford. Ice friction in the.sport of curling. Proceedings 5 International Sports Engineering Conference. Davis. Cali font ia, 2004. 

Kietzig, A.-M., MirvakUk, M.N., Kamalb, S., Englezosa, P., Hatzikiriakosa, S.G., 2011. Nanopatterned metallic surfaces their wettability and impact on ice friction. J. Adhes. Sci.Technol. 25,1293. 

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