Iatrogenic hepatic

Tessier DJ, Fowl RJ, Stone WM, McKusick MA, Abbas MA, Sarr MG et al. (2003) Iatrogenic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms an uncommon complication after hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic procedures. Ann Vase Surg 17 663-669... 

Ozkan OS, Walser EM, Akinci D, Nealon W, Goodacre B (2002) Guglielmi detachable coil erosion into the common bile duct after embolization of iatrogenic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. J Vase Interv Radiol 13 935-938... 

Fibrates occasionally cause deranged LFTs elevated ALT/AST, altered ALP and GGT. Use of a fibrate may make it difficult to distinguish between iatrogenic elevation of ALT and AST and worsening hepatitis. 

Hepatic coma can be subdivided according to its aetiology as follows (7.) hepatocyte disintegration coma (= endogenous coma as a result of the loss of parenchyma), (2.) liver cell failure coma (= exogenous coma as a result of metabolic disorders, almost always in the presence of cirrhosis), (3.) electrolyte coma (= so-called false coma due to dyselectrolytaemia, almost always iatrogenic), and (4.) mixed forms of coma. (s. pp 214, 276, 381) (s. tab. 15.5)... 

Jochlmsen, P.R., Zike, W.L., SUrazi, S.S., Pearlman, N.W. Iatrogenic hver abscesses. A complication of hepatic artery hgation for tumor. Arch. Surg. 1978 118 141-144... 

Satoh, H., Takeda, T., Takashima, M., Sumlyoshl, K., Imaizninl, N. Gas-forming liver abscess following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization for an iatrogenic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm report of a case. Jpn. J. Surg. 1995 25 361 -364... 

Trauma (and other causes of acute blood loss), C third-spacmg of fluid (e.g., burns, pancreatitis, peritonitis), vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, renal or adrenal (i.e., sodium wasting) disease v Heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, iatrogenic (intravenous fluid overload) ... 

Lin J, Lott JP, Amorosa VK, Kovarik CL. Iatrogenic hyperpigmentation in chronically infected hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009 60(5) 882-3. 

Diuretic therapy is a common iatrogenic origin of metabolic disturbances of acid-base physiology. Diuretics are administered for their naturetic properties particularly in patients with cardiac, hepatic, pulmonary and renal disease, to rid the body of excess extracellular fluid. When the loss of sodium is matched by losses of other extracellular electrolytes in proportion to their extracellular concentrations, no disturbance of acid-base balance occurs. In cases where there is a disproportionate loss of bicarbonate, the result is metabolic acidosis. Conversely when there is an exaggeration of loss of ammonium or chloride ions by comparison with sodium, this leads to metabolic alkalosis. 

They reported the successful direct needle-injection of thrombin to thrombose peripheral pseudoaneurysms such as common iliac, peroneal, and hepatic pseudoaneurysms. Despite this interesting report, it was not until a decade later that the first report of ultrasound-guided direct thrombin-injection to close iatrogenic groin pseudoaneurysms was published, by Liau et al. [16]. 

Hashimoto M, Akabane Y, Heianna J, Tate E, Ishiyama K, Nishii T et al. (2004) Hepatic infarction following selective hepatic artery embolization with microcoils for iatrogenic biliary hemorrhage. Hepatol Res 30 42-50... 

Mycotic aneurysms from bacterial endocarditis were initially the most common cause of hepatic artery aneurysm [11]. However, traumatic and iatrogenic causes are likely the most common etiology today. Medial degeneration and atherosclerotic changes have also been implicated. However, atherosclerosis is more likely the result rather than the cause of the... 

Access site complications are unusual as a large-diameter common femoral artery access is rarely required for the embolization. Iatrogenic arterial dissection occasionally occurs at the celiac artery origin during difficult catheterization. In patients with borderline hepatic or renal function, the risk of contrast induced nephropathy and hepatorenal syndrome can usually be prevented with optimal hydration and by limiting the volume ofliver embo-lized. 

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