I- Nitropropane

Knef and coworkers have fouad that 2-lithio-2-sulfoaylpropane and 2-lithio-2-nitropropane behave differenlly in the addition to dimethyl alkylidenemalonate. Thus, 2-Lithio-2-snlfonyl-propane reacts with it iiimost exclusively on the CSii-face and leads to the ruin -addnct, whereas 2-lithio-2-nitropropane reacts under similar reaction conditions, exclusively on the Wfi -face, providing the iy)i-prodnct fEq. 4.134. ... 

The i pler nitroparaflSns (nitromethane, nitroethane, 1- and 2-nitropropane) are now cheap commercial products. They are obtained by the vapour phase nitration of the hydrocarbons a gaseous mixture of two mols of hydrocarbon and 1 mol of nitric acid vapour is passed through a narrow reaction tube at 420-475°. Thus with methane at 475° a 13 per cent, conversion into nitromethane is obtained ethane at 420° gives a 9 1 mixture of nitroethane (b.p. 114°) and nitromethane (b.p. 102°) propane at 420" affords a 21 per cent, yield of a complex mixture of 1- (b.p. 130 5°) and 2-nitropropane (b.p. 120°), nitroethane and nitromethane, which are separated by fractional distillation. 

The reaction of l,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole with 2-nitropropane anion gives the new highly branched imidazole derivative, which is formed via cine-substitution and SRN I substitution (Eq. 5.67).slb... 

Cationic cyclization. A key step in the synthesis of the diterpenes cafestol5 and atractyligenin4 involves a novel cation cyclization of bicyclic cyclopropanes to the tetracyclic systems of the diterpenes (equations I and II). Thus treatment of 1 with a slight excess of triflic anhydride and 2,6-lutidine effects cyclization to the rather unstable pentacycle 2 with the kaurene system. The related conversion of 3 to 4 can be effected with triflic anhydride and 2,6-di-r-butyl-4-methylpyridine in 1-nitropropane. 

More than three decades ago 1-nitropropane was studied by deuterium labelling59. It was shown that the molecular ions of 1-nitropropane can decompose via two channels following the 1,5-hydrogen shift, i.e. a y-hydrogcn shift from the terminal methyl group to... 

Stereochemistry has also been used as a diagnostic tool. If an Sr I reaction occurs at an optically active sp carbon centre, racemization should take place. This has indeed been observed in the reaction of 2-(4-nitrophe-nyl)-2-nitrobutanewithbenzenethiolate,benzenesulphinate,2-nitropropanate and also nitrite ions (Kornblum, 1975 Kornblum and Wade, 1987) as well as in the reactions of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-chloroethane with the V,V-diethyl-a-aminopropionitrile and phenlyacetonitrile anions (Cabaret et al., 1985). 

AI3-00040, see Cyclohexanol AI3-00041, see Cyclohexanone AI3-00045, see Diacetone alcohol AI3-00046, see Isophorone AI3-00050, see 1,4-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00052, see Trichloroethylene AI3-00053, see 1,2-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00054, see Acrylonitrile AI3-00072, see Hydroquinone AI3-00075, see p-Chloro-rrr-cresol AI3-00078, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol AI3-00085, see 1-Naphthylamine AI3-00100, see Nitroethane AI3-00105, see Anthracene AI3-00109, see 2-Nitropropane AI3-00111, see Nitromethane AI3-00118, see ferf-Butylbenzene AI3-00119, see Butylbenzene AI3-00121, see sec-Butylbenzene AI3-00124, see 4-Aminobiphenyl AI3-00128, see Acenaphthene AI3-00134, see Pentachlorophenol AI3-00137, see 2-Methylphenol AI3-00140, see Benzidine AI3-00142, see 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol AI3-00150, see 4-Methylphenol AI3-00154, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol AI3-00262, see Dimethyl phthalate AI3-00278, see Naphthalene AI3-00283, see Di-rj-butyl phthalate AI3-00327, see Acetonitrile AI3-00329, see Diethyl phthalate AI3-00399, see Tributyl phosphate AI3-00404, see Ethyl acetate AI3-00405, see 1-Butanol AI3-00406, see Butyl acetate AI3-00407, see Ethyl formate AI3-00408, see Methyl formate AI3-00409, see Methanol AI3-00520, see Tri-ocresyl phosphate AI3-00576, see Isoamyl acetate AI3-00633, see Hexachloroethane AI3-00635, see 4-Nitrobiphenyl AI3-00698, see IV-Nitrosodiphenylamine AI3-00710, see p-Phenylenediamine AI3-00749, see Phenyl ether AI3-00790, see Phenanthrene AI3-00808, see Benzene AI3-00867, see Chrysene AI3-00987, see Thiram AI3-01021, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether AI3-01055, see 1.4-Dioxane AI3-01171, see Furfuryl alcohol AI3-01229, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone AI3-01230, see 2-Heptanone AI3-01231, see Morpholine AI3-01236, see 2-Ethoxyethanol AI3-01238, see Acetone AI3-01239, see Nitrobenzene AI3-01240, see I idine AI3-01256, see Decahydronaphthalene AI3-01288, see ferf-Butyl alcohol AI3-01445, see Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane AI3-01501, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate AI3-01506, see p,p -DDT AI3-01535, see 2,4-Dinitrophenol AI3-01537, see 2-Chloronaphthalene... 

I) Ethanol to but-l-yne (II) Ethane to bromoethene (Hi) Propene to 1-nItropropane (Iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol (v) Propene to propyne (vl) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride (vll) Bromomethane to propanone (viii) But-l-ene to but-2-ene (Ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane (x) Benzene to biphenyl. 

The oxidation of Fbutylamine to 2-methyl-2-nitropropane is an example of a procedure previously illustrated in Org. Syn N-Mlutylhydroxylamine has previously been prepared by acid-catalysed hydrolysis of 2-<-butyl-3-phenyloxazirane and by oxidation of bbutylaminc. The procedure described here is based on a metliod nnuitioncd b i( lly by Smith and co-workers. 2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane has also been ])repared directly by... 

This study was designed to evaluate the performance of commonly used biocides against the performance of a new liquid blend. In order to choose an effective preservative package, the two main criteria the biocide must have, are (i) to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under sections 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180 which cover components of paper and paperboard in contact with foods and (ii) to be designated as a safe biocide (low toxicity, non-sensitiser, easy to handle). The three most commonly used products (i) 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, (ii) 1,5-pentanedial and (iii) l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, currently meet the above criteria. The new liquid blend, l,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane -I- 2-bro-mo-2-nitropropane-l,3-diol was also designed to meet the criteria. 

Other reagents that convert benzylic halides to aldehydes are 2-nitropropane-NaOEt in EtOH,336 mercury(I) nitrate followed by ethanolic alkali,337 and pyridine followed by p-nitrosodimethylaniline and then water. The last procedure is called the Krohnke reaction. Primary halides in general have been oxidized to aldehydes by trimethylamine oxide,338 by... 

Davies, J.E., Mynett, K., Gescher, A. Chipman, J.K. (1993) DNA modification and repair by 2-nitropropane is extensive in hepatocytes of rats compared to those of humans and mice. Mutat. Res., I l, 157-164... 

Dayal, R., Goodwin, B., Linhart, I., Mynett, K. Gescher, A. (1991) Oxidation denitrification of 2-nitropropane and propane-2-nitronate by mouse liver microsomes lack of correlation with hepatocytotoxic potential. Chem.-biol. Interact., 79, 103-114... 

Kliesch, U. Adler, I.-D. (1987) Micronucleus test in bone marrow of mice treated with 1-nitro-propane, 2-nitropropane and cisplatin. Mutat. Res., 192, 181-184... 

The reactions of the conjugate base of 2-nitropropane, used as the lithium or tetraalkylammonium salt, have been described for a number of 2-nitro-5-X-thiophenes (X = H, I, NOz, CMe2N02) and for 2,4-dinitrothio-phene. They generally display a complex pattern leading to several products. Only for 2-nitrothiophene and 2,4-dinitrothiophene has evidence for the formation of (7-adducts 137 and 138, respectively, been recorded.178 Adduct 138 has in fact been isolated as the tetramethylammonium salt and characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy, whereas 137 has been detected in situ. The NMR data are reported in Table XX. H-NMR chemical shifts... 

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