I,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one

The most frequently registered allergens in paints/ lacquers were formaldehyde and epoxy compounds, followed by BHT, 2-butanone oxime, CMI/MI, benzoic acid, i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and benzyl alcohol. The registration of i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in paints/lacquers was new, and that of CMI/MI increased compared with the 1990 study. 

The most frequently registered allergens in polishes were CMI/MI, i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, triethanolamine and formaldehyde. Except for 1,2-benz-isothiazolin-3-one, an increase in the registration of these allergens in polishes was observed during the study period. 

Calder IM, Weight LP, Grienstone D (1992) Glutaraldehyde allergy in endoscope units. Lancet 338 433 Chew AL, Maibach HI (1997) i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Proxel) irritant or allergen A clinical study and literature review. Contact Dermatitis 36 131-136... 

Michel M, Dompmartin A, Moreau A, et al. (1994) Contact photosensitivity to nonoxynol used in antiseptic preparations. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 10 198-201 Mitchell JC (1965) Allergy to lichens. Arch Dermatol 92 142-146 Mitchell JC (1972) Contact dermatitis from proflavine dihydrochloride. Arch Dermatol 106 294 Miyauchi H, Horio T (1992) A new animal model for contact dermatitis the hairless guinea pig. J Dermatol 19 140-145 Moscato G, Omodeo P, et al. (1997) Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in a chemical worker. Occup Med (Oxf) 47 249-251 Myatt AE, Beck MH (1985) Contact sensitivity to para-chlorometaxylenol (PCMX). Clin Exp Dermatol 10 491 Nethercott JR, Lawrence MJ (1984) Airborne contact urticaria due to sodium benzoate in a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant. J Occup Med 26 734-736... 

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by n-octyl-iso-thiazolinone has been reported in paint-factory workers who had been exposed to the chemical as dye mixers (Thormann 1982 Mathias et al. 1983). It is chemically related to i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. One of the seven Swedish construction painters who were patch-test positive to i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one also reacted to n-octyl-isothiazolinone (Fischer et al. 1995). Cross-allergy between n-octyl-isothiazolinone and chloromethyl-isothiazolinone has not been demonstrated (Emmett et al. 1989). 

Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers are used as preservatives in process solutions and for gelatine, and in stabilising baths for colour film and colour paper prints. Kathon CG and i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) may also be used as slimicides in process solutions and in stabilisers for colour paper prints (Ericson, personal communication). They may be undeclared. 

Gum arabic (antioxidant for metal plates) - may contain i,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one as preservative (Freeman 1984)... 

The tautomeric equilibrium between the hydroxy, 154a, and oxo, 154b, forms of l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one is shifted to the right (Scheme 57) [76AHC(S1), p. 312 81G71 84CHEC-I(6)131] a conclusion supported by X-ray structural determinations of some derivatives of 154 e.g., R = Cl [69AX(B)2349]. 

This study was designed to evaluate the performance of commonly used biocides against the performance of a new liquid blend. In order to choose an effective preservative package, the two main criteria the biocide must have, are (i) to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under sections 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180 which cover components of paper and paperboard in contact with foods and (ii) to be designated as a safe biocide (low toxicity, non-sensitiser, easy to handle). The three most commonly used products (i) 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, (ii) 1,5-pentanedial and (iii) l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, currently meet the above criteria. The new liquid blend, l,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane -I- 2-bro-mo-2-nitropropane-l,3-diol was also designed to meet the criteria. 

AT-p-acetoxyphenyl", tetraacetate JV-acetyl-iV-p-bromophenyl-, 2,3,4,6-tetraaeetate N-(2-amino-3,4-dimethylphenyl)-, tetraacetate Af-(2-amino-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-, tetraacetate i f-(2-amino-4-methylphenyl)-, tetraacetate AT-o-aminophenyl-, 2,3,4,6-tetraacetate AT-(2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-l, 1-dioxide)-,... 

Reactions of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ones. - with activated methylene compounds. N-methyl-saccharin reacts with CICHgCOOCHgCHgOMe and derivatives to form (31 R=C1,Br,I,R1=C 1 , MeOCHgCHgO). 

Synthesis of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ones (1,1-Dioxides) 156 From 2-(methylsulphinyl)benzamides or ]i-[2-(methylthio)benzoyl]- -alkylhydroxylamines and SOCI2 156 Physical Properties of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ones 156 Reactions of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ones 156 With activated methylene compounds 156 1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-thione 1,1-Dioxides 156 N -Substitution of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ones 157... 

Synonyms Proxel Proxel XL Proxil i,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one benzisothiazolin-3-one IPX Proxan benzothiazolin-2-one BIT... 

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