Hypochlorous acid analysis

Hypochlorous acid reacts similarly to CI2O and cannot be distinguished from CI2O by wet analysis. Gaseous mixtures of CI2, CI2O, and HOCl can be analyzed by mass spectrometry (66,67), by in (68), or by uv spectrophotometry (9,66,69). Gas chromatography can be used to analyze mixtures of air, CI2, and CI2O (54). 

This last reaction finds use in volumetric analysis. The use of sulfamic acid to stabilize chlorinated water depends on the equilibrium formation of A-chlorosulfamic acid, which reduces loss of chlorine by evaporation, and slowly re-releases hypochlorous acid by the reverse hydrolysis ... 

When the reaction temperature of step one increases, the total oxidant concentration in the off-gas is >6 mg m-3, but this depends on capacity and hypochlorite concentration. Careful analysis with infrared methods demonstrated that this total oxidant concentration was derived from chlorine dioxide. Measurements of the concentrations between steps one and two showed that concentrations were higher than in the off-gas and that hypochlorous acid (HOC1) was also found, which was totally absent in the off-gas. 

Another concurrent factor not considered in the risk analysis was the toxicology of residual amounts of the disinfectant species including hypochlorous acid and chloramines related to chlorine that would normally be present as residuals in chlorinated water. The in vivo toxicology of hypochlorite now indicates the formation of haloforms and halonitriles and thus additional risks (34). 

Pattison DI, Hawkins CL, Davies MJ (2003) Hypochlorous Acid-Mediated Oxidation of Lipid Components and Antioxidants Present in Low-Density Lipoproteins Absolute Rate Constants, Product Analysis, and Computational Modeling. Chem Res Toxicol 16 439... 

Chlorine, determination of, in chlorine(I) oxide in carbon tetrachloride and hypochlorous acid solutions, 5 162, 164 Chlorine(I) compounds, 5 156 Chlorine(I) oxide, 5 156 in carbon tetrachloride solution, 5 158, 159 analysis of, 5 162 Chlorine(IV) oxide, 4 152 admixed with inert gas and chlorine, 4 153... 

Hypochlorous acid is a weak chlorinating agent. In acidic solution, it is converted to a much more active chlorinating agent. Although early mechanistic studies suggested that Cl might be formed under these conditions, it was shown that this is not the case. Detailed kinetic analysis of the chlorination of methoxybenzene revealed a rather complex rate law. ... 

Mogal, M.M.B. and Yadav, G.D., Theoretical analysis of absorption of chlorine in aqueous slurries of calcium hydroxide desorption of hypochlorous acid gas. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 73, 693, 1995. 

Reaction with metallic ions. Hypochlorous acid reacts rapidly with and metal ions, especially Fe(II), and Mn(II), and is reduced to non-bioeidal chloride (Cl ). The metal catalysis of hypochlorous acid is the motivation for routine analysis of recreational for metal ion content (White, 1999). 

HPLC analysis of anatoxin-a was first carried out by Astrachan and Archer, " who extracted the toxin from Anabaenaflos-aquae using chloroform followed by hydrochloric acid. The HPLC analysis was carried out on an ODS column using hypochlorate-methanol. Other systems used since include acetic acid extraction and analysis on a reversed-phase C g column using methanol-water mobile phase, and extraction in water after ultrasonication and analysis on reversed-phase... 

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