Xanthones hypericum

Dall Acqua F, see Gambari R (2007) 9 265-276 Daneshtalab M (2006) Novel Synthetic Antibacterial Agents. 2 153-206 Demirkiran O (2007) Xanthones in Hypericum Synthesis and Biological Activities. 9 139-178... 

Xanthones in Hypericum Synthesis and Biological Activities O. Demirkiran... 

Franklin G, Conceicao LF, Kombrink E and Dias AC. 2009. Xanthone biosynthesis in Hypericum perforatum cells provides antioxidant and antimicrobial protection upon biotic stress. Phytochem 70(l) 60-68. 

Extract of hypericum contains at least ten constituents that may contribute to its pharmacological effect (see table 7.4) (Heiligenstein and Guenther 1998). They are categorized into six classes naphthodianthrones, flavonoids, phloroglucinols, phenolic acids, xanthones, and terpenes (Nahrstedt and Butterweck 1997 Erdelmeier 1998). The naph-... 

Hypericum perforatum (Clusiaceae), commonly known as SJW, is used in many countries for the treatment of mild-to-moderate forms of depression. Several clinical studies provide evidence that SJW is as effective as conventional synthetic antidepressants (46-51). From a phytochemical point of view, H. perforatum belongs to one of the best-investigated medicinal plants. A series of bioactive compounds have been detected in the crude material, namely phenylpropanes, flavonol derivatives, biflavones, proanthocyani-dins, xanthones, phloroglucinols, some amino acids, naphthodianthrones, and essential oil constituents (Fig. 3) (52-54). 

Hypericum compound H8 (prenylated xanthone) Hypericum roeperanum (Hypericaceae) ACE (104) (NEP) [77]... 

Kitanov, G. M., Brflavone, flavonol, and xanthone glycosides from Hypericum aucheri, Chem. Nat. Compd, 1988, 24, 390-391. 

BPS catalyzes the formation of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (5), i.e. the C 3 skeleton of benzophenones and xanthones (Figure 1). Subsequent 3 -hydroxylation to give 2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone is catalyzed by a cytochrome P4S0 monooxygenase (d) that was detected in cell cultures of Hypericum androsaemum (Clusiaceae). 

Synthesis of Xanthones Isolated from Genus Hypericum. 153... 

Biological Activities of Xanthones Isolated from Hypericum Species. .. 169... 

Abstract There has been an increasing interest in the genus Hypericum, because it is a source of a variety of compounds with different biological activities. Xanthones are... 

Keywords Xanthones Hypericum Pharmacological properties Biosynthesis Synthesis... 

The aim of this chapter is not only to provide a review of the distribution of xanthones in Hypericum genus, but also to cover some more specific aspects such as biosynthesis, chemotaxonomic significance, biological activities, and synthesis. 

They are a relatively rare group of natural products and principally occur in some genera of the Guttiferae family Kielmeyera, Caraipa [17], Psoros-permum [18], and Hypericum [19]. These compounds are very close in the skeletal patterns formed from the association of the xanthone nucleus and the lignoid pattern (coniferyl alcohol or syringenin). The most representative ones are cadensin D (12) [15,19] and kielcorin [15,19]. 

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