Hyperbranched Polypropylenes

Poly(phenylenethylene), dendronized, 522 Poly(phenylenevinylene) optically active, 510-511 synthesis of, 495-496 Poly(/ ara-phenylenevinylene)s, 472 Polypheny lquinoxaline (PPQ) hyperbranched, 312-314 synthesis of, 309-313 Polyphosphoric acid, 333 Polypropylene oxide) polyol, 223 Polypropylene polyols, 220 Poly (pyridine), synthesis of, 503-505 Polyquinoxaline (PQ), synthesis of, 309-313... 

Fig. 23. Hyperbranched polyesteramides consisting of phthalic anhydride, diisopropanolamine, and stearic acid used as an additive making polypropylene fibers dyeable... 

The dyeing of polypropylene fibers, being an item of research for decades, is successfully accomplished with partially stearate-modified hyperbranched polyesteramides. The long alkyl chains ensure compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. The mixing-in of hyperbranched polyesteramides via extrusion affected neither the melt spinning process nor the final polypropylene fiber properties. The modified fibers are dyeable under standard conditions as are, e.g., polyesters or cotton. They can even be used for printing for example a picture pattern on a polypropylene carpet. 

Scheme 4 Chemistry used to prepare hyperbranched polyfacrylic acid) grafts on polyethylene film, polyethylene powder or polypropylene wafers...

By modifying the functional groups they can be used,for example, as crosslinkers in high solid or powder coatings and in thermosets. Because of their good miscibility and low melt viscosity, they find applications as melt modifiers and as blend components. Modified hyperbranched polymers, like alkyl chain substituted poiy(ether)s and po-ly(ester)s sometimes exhibit amphiphilic behavior.They can, therefore, be used as carriers for smaller molecules,for example, dyestuff into polypropylene. 

Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, edited byHanitun G. Katian Polymer Blends and Alloys, edited by Gabriel 0. Shonaike and George P. Simon Star and Hyperbranched Polymers, edited by Munmaya K. Mishra and Shiro Kobayastv Practical Extrusion Blow Molding, edited by SamuelL. Belcher... 

Ihe literature " describes a number of dendrimers and the closely related star-like 120-123 polysiloxanes. Ihe hyperbranched polysiloxanes are the primary example of more random structures. Although the emphasis has been on synthesis and characterization,i i modeling on hyperbranched polymers has also been carried out. Some of the most interesting species involve polysiloxane chains. Star polymers, some with nanosized silica cores, have also been synthesized.i °-i i Hyperbranched polysiloxanes have been prepared with controllable molecular weights and polydispersities,i -1 - with epoxy terminal groups some are UV-curable ° and some serve as a source of molecular silica. Hyperbranched polysiloxanes have also been used in the sol-gel preparation of polypropylene/silica nanocomposites. ... 

Burkinshaw, S. M., Froehling, P. E., and Mignanelh, M. The effect of hyperbranched polymers on the dyeing of polypropylene fibres. Dyes and Pigments. 

Dou Q, Zhu X, Peter K, Demco DE, MoUer M, Mehan C. Preparation of polypropylene/sUica composites by in situ sol-gel processing using hyperbranched polyethoxysUoxane. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 2008 48 51-60. 

Hyperbranched Polyphenylene Sulfide as Textfle Dyeing Agent for Polypropylene... 

Sari MG, Stribeck N, Moradian S, inolebadi A, Bastani S, Botta S (2013) Correlation of nanostructural parameters and macromechanical behaviour of hyperbranched-modified polypropylene using time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Polym Int 62 1101-1111... 

Recent developments of new catalysts (metallocenes) have enabled the synthesis of branched polyolefins (e.g., PE and polypropylene) with controlled structures providing another way to control the properties of these polymers. Other promising new polymeric structures are hyperbranched polymers [7] and dendrimers [8]. 

---