Hyoscyamine base hydrolysis

Additionally, note that base hydrolysis of hyoscyamine gives ( )-tropic acid and tropine, with racemization preceding hydrolysis. Base hydrolysis of littorine gives optically pure phenyl-lactic acid, so we deduce that hydrolysis is a more favourable process than racemization. 

There is less information about the metabolism of other tropane alkaloids but for those that are esters (e.g. hyoscyamine, scopolamine) hydrolysis of the ester bond takes place to some extent, yielding bases, which may be further transformed [45, 46], Rabbit serum has been found to have esterases that are relatively specific for esters of tropic acid, and this may account for the ability of rabbits to feed with impunity on leaves of Atropa belladona [47]. Mice transform released tropic acid to a glucuronide [48]. Oxidation also occurs, both in rats and humans, with the production of N-oxides and oxidative removal of the N-methyl group to make nor-derivatives [45,46]. 

Hyoscyamine, Ci,H2303N. This, the most commonly occurring alkaloid of the oup, was obtained by Geiger and Hesse from henbane. Ks hydrolysis into a base and an acid was observed by Hohn and Reichardt. The accepted, empirical formula is due to Ladenburg, who s owed that it was a physical isomeride of atropine. Hyoscyamine... 

Cocaine like atropine and hyoscyamine hydrolyzes into a simpler nitrogen base and other products. The base is known as ecgonine and the other products obtained are methyl alcohol and benzoic acid. The hydrolysis proceeds in two steps as follows ... 

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