Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A

Since carotenoids are isoprenoids, they share a common early pathway with other biologically important isoprenoids such as sterols, gibberellins, phytol and the terpenoid quinones (Fig. 13.3). In all cases, these compounds are derived from the C5 isoprenoid, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). Until a few years ago it was believed that a single pathway from the Cg precursor mevalonic acid (MVA) formed IPP, which itself was synthesised from hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) by the action of HMG... 

GABA HMG-CoA HMPA HT LDA LHMDS LTMP NADH NBH NBS NCS NIS NK NMP PMB PPA RaNi Red-Al RNA SEM SnAt TBAF TBDMS TBS Tf TFA TFP THF TIPS TMEDA TMG TMP TMS Tol-BINAP TTF y-aminobutyric acid hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A hexamethylphosphoric triamide hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) lithium diisopropylamide lithium hexamethyldisilazane lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide l,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin A-bromosuccinimide A-chlorosuccinimide A-iodosuccinimide neurokinin 1 -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone para-methoxybenzyl polyphosphoric acid Raney Nickel sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride ribonucleic acid 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl nucleophilic substitution on an aromatic ring tetrabutylammonium fluoride tert-butyldimcthyisilyl fert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl) trifluoroacetic acid tri-o-furylphosphine tetrahydrofuran triisopropylsilyl A, N,N ,N -tetramethy lethylenediamine tetramethyl guanidine tetramethylpiperidine trimethylsilyl 2,2 -bis(di-p-tolylphosphino)-l,r-binaphthyl tetrathiafulvalene... 

C. R. Sirtori, Tissue Selectivity of Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG CoA) Reductase Inhibitors , Pharmacol. Ther. 1993, 60, 431-459. 

HIV human immunodeficiency virus HMG-CoA hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (liver enzyme important in cholesterol metabolism)... 

Chen, G.Z., Foster, L. and Bennett, J.L. (1991) Purification and characterization of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase of Schistosoma mansoni regulation of parasite enzyme activity differs from mammalian host. Experimental Parasitology 73, 82-92. 

Garnett WR. Interactions with hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1995 52(15) 1639 15. 

Landesman KA, Stozek M, Freeman NJ. Rhabdomyolysis associated with the combined use of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors with gemfibrozil and macrolide antibiotics. Conn Med 1999 63(8) 455-7. 

Jamal SM, EisenbergMJ, Christopoulos S. Rhab-domyolysis associated with hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Am Heart J. 2004 147 956-965. 

P.-T. Ho and S. Chung, Synthesis of 2,4-dideoxy-D-eryi/tro-hexopyranose. An intermediate for synthesis of the lactone moiety of inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, Carbohydr. Res., 125 (1984) 318-322. 

Hakamada-Taguchi R, UeharaY Kuribayashi K, etal. Inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase reduces Th I development and promotes Th2 development, Circ Res 2003 93 948-956. 

Alberts, A.W., Chen, J., Kuron, G., Hunt, V., Huff, J., Hoffman, C., Rothrock, J., Lopez, M., Joshua, H., Harris, E., Patchett, A., Monaghan, R., et al. (1980). Mevinolin a highly potent competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and a cholesterol-lowering agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 3957-3961. 

Fig. 6), led to the discovery of the mevalonate pathway leading to IPP 7 and DMAPP 8 (Fig. 1). In this pathway, isoprene units are derived, like fatty acids, from acetyl-coenzyme A 1. The key intermediate is mevalonate 4, which results from the reduction of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A 3 catalyzed by the HMG-CoA reductase, and represents the committed step of the pathway. Confirmation of this pathway was obtained for the biosynthesis of plant sterols, triterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. 

Einarson TR, Metge CJ, Iskedjian M, Mukherjee J. An examination of the effect of cytochrome P450 drug interactions of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase... 

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