3 -Hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl reductase

The most distinctive product from this pathway in vertebrates is cholesterol. The HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. The formation of mevalonate is the step that commits HMG-CoA to form cholesterol and is catalyzed irreversibly by 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl reductase. Studying the activity of this enzyme has therefore provided very good insights about the effects of various... 

T Matsuoka, S Miyakoshi, K Tanzawa, K Nakahara, M Hosobuchi, N Serizawa. Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450sca from Streptomyces car-bophilus. ML-236B (compactin) induces a cytochrome-P450sca in Streptomyces carbophilus that hydroxylates ML-236 B to pravastatin sodium (CS-514), a tissue-selective inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Eur J Bio-chem 184 707-713, 1989. 

Burnett, R.J., Maldonado-Mendoza, I.E., McKnight, T.D. and Nessler, C.L. (1993) Expression of a 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene from Camp-totheca acuminata is differentially regulated by wounding and methyl jasmonate. Plant Physiol, 103, 41-8. 

An example is provided by the reaction of methyl-3-([( 1, l-dimethylethyl)diphe-nylsilyl]oxy)-4-(chloromethoxyphosphinyl)butyrate with lithium pyrazolylalky-nide, which is used to prepare compounds with structure HOP(0)(PzC=C)CH2CH (0H)CH2C02H useful as 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors (88GEP3817298) (Scheme 76). 

SerizawaN, MatsuokaT (1991) A two component-type cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system in a prokaryote that catalyzes hydroxylation of ML-236B to pravastatin, a tissue-seleetive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Biochim BiophysActa 1084 35-40... 

Indeed, com oil intake affected lipid metabolism genes including cholesterol 7a hydroxylase, hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase, fatty acid synthase and angiopoietin-like protein 4 at a circadian rhythm (decreased at hour 3, increased at hour 6 to 9, and decreased at hour 24) in rats (Takashima et al., 2006). 

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