Hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposites

Kikuchi, M., Itoh, S., Ichinose, S., Shinomiya, K., Tanaka, J. Self-Organization Mechanism in a Bone-like Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Nanocomposite Synthesized in vitro and Its Biological Reaction in vivo. Biomaterials. 22, 1705—1711 (2001)... 

Kikuchi M, Itoh S, Ichinose S, Shinomiya K, Tanaka J. Self-organization mechanism in a bone-like hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite synthesized in vitro and its biological reaction in vivo. Biomaterials 2001 22 1705-11. 

Chang MC, Ikoma T, Kikuchi M et al (2002) The cross-linkage effect of hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposites on a self organization phenomenon. J Mater Sd Mater Med 13 993-997... 

Kikuchi M, Ikoma T, Syoji D et al (2004) Porous body preparation of hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration. Eng Mater 254 561-564... 

Kim, T.G., Park, S.-H., Chung, H.J., Yang, D.-Y., Park, T.G., 2010. Microstructured scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite multilayer for enhanced osteogenic induction of human mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry 20, 8927-8933. 

BodhakS, Kikuchi M, Sogo Y, Tsurushima H, Ito A, OyaneA. Calcium phosphate coating on a bioresorbable hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite for surface functionahzation. Chem Lett 2013 42(9) 1029-31. 

Chang, M.C., Ikoma, T., Kikuchi, M., and Tanaka, J. (2001). Preparation of a porous hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite using glutataldehyde as a crosslinkage agent. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 20 1199-201. 

Itoh, S., Kikuchi, M., Koyama, Y., Takakuda, K., Shinomiya, K., and Tanaka, J. (2004). Development of a hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite as a medical device. Cell Transplant 13 451-61. 

Fig. 1.6 (A and B) Scanning electron micro- implantation in the bone marrow showing for-graphs of the porous hydroxyapatite-collagen mation of new bone (white asterisk) attached nanocomposite scaffolds at different magnifi- directly to the nanocomposite (asterisk). Arrows cations. Arrowheads in B indicate the hydroxy- indicate cuboidal osteoblasts on the surface of apatite nanocrystals on the collagen fibrils. new bone. Adapted from [94], reproduced by Histology at (C) 1 week and (D) 4 weeks after permission of Wiley-VCH.

Kikuchi M, Matsumoto HN, Yamada T et al (2004) Glutaraldehyde cross-linked hydroxyapatite/collagen self-organized nanocomposites. Biomaterials 25 63-69... 

Rhee, S.H. and Tanaka, J. (2001) Synthesis of a hydroxyapatite/collagen/ chondroitin sulfate nanocomposite by a novel precipitation method. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 84, 459-61. 

The design of an ideal bone graft that emulates bone s own structure and behaviour is stiU challenging. Owing to the composition and structural similarity to natural bone, most of the current investigations focus on nanocomposites, and particularly on the hydroxyapatite-collagen system. 

Kikuchi, M. Ikoma, T. Itoh, S. Matsumoto, H.N. Koyama, Y. Takakuda, K. Shinomiya, K. Tanaka, J. Biomimetic synthesis of bone-like nanocomposites using the self-organization mechanism of hydroxyapatite and collagen. Composites Sciences and Technology 2004, 64, 819-825. 

M, Kikuchi, T. Ikoma, S. Itoh, H, N, Matsumoto, Y, Koyama, K, Takakuba, K. Shinomiya and J, Tanaka, Biomimetic Synthesis of Bone-like Nanocomposites using the Self-organization Mechanism of Hydroxyapatite and Collagen, Composites Science and Technology, 64, 819-825(2004)... 

Bones offer a classical example of hierarchically organized architecture from nano-scale, where the collagen/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite is organized in fibrils, and fibrils are then laid in different textures, to the microscopic one where a regular organization of cells (osteocytes) and matrix around blood vessels constitutes the basic structure of compact bone (the so-called Haversian system or osteon). 

Bone tissue, for example, is a nanocomposite composed of rigid hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals (60%) precipitated onto coUagen fibers (30%) (Figure 40.1) [1]. Hydroxyapatite, which occurs as small plates that are tens of nanometers in length and width and 2 3 run in depth, impart compressive strength to bone. Collagen fibrils (1.5 3.5 nm in diameter) form triple hehces and bundle into fibers (50-70 nm diameter) responsible for the unique tensile properties of composite bone tissue [2]. The unique and complex mechanical properties of bone tissue arise from the interaction of these two components in the nanoscale [3]. 

FIGURE 40.1 Nanocomposite structure of bone. The interaction between coiiagen fibers and HA nanocrystals in the nanoscale gives rise to the complex mechanical properties of bone tissue observed in the macroscale. Cells operating on this collagen/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite continually remodel bone on the microscale. 

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