3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme regulation

Li S., C.A. Wagner, J.A. Freisen, and D.W. Borst (2003). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in the lobster mandibular organ Regulation by the eyestalk. General and Comparative Endocrinology 134 147-155. 

McNamara, D. J., Quackenbush, F. W. and Rodwell, V. W. 1972. Regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Developmental pattern. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 5805-5810. 

Gertler F. B., Chiu C.-Y., Richter-Mann L. and Chin D. J. (1988) Developmental and metabolic regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Mol. Cel. Biol. 8, 2713-2721. 

Proksch, E., Elias, P.M., and Feingold, K.R. Localization and regulation of epidermal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity by barrier requirements. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1991, 1083 71-9. 

Parker RA, Pearce BC, Clark RW, Gordon DA, and Wright JJ (1993) Tocotrienols regulate cholesterol production in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 11230-8. 

G. C. Ness and C.M. Chambers. 2000. Feedback and hormonal regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase The concept of cholesterol buffering capacity Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 224 8-19. (PubMed)... 

Statins, used predominantly in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which regulates the synthesis of cholesterol. Statins are also agonists of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), which are part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and when activated, can suppress transcription of pro-inflammatory genes (Chinetti et al., 2000). In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that a decrease in serum cholesterol inhibits the production of beta amyloid and plaque (Simons et al., 1998 Fassbender et al.,... 

Laurent, F., L.F. Wentzinger, T.J. Bach, and M.-A. Hartmaim Iirhibition of squalene synthase and squalene epoxidase in tobacco cells triggers an up-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase Plant Physiol. 130 (2002) 334-346. 

Beg, Z.H. Stonik, J.A. Brewer, H.B. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase regulation of enzymatic activity by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 3678-3682 (1978)... 

The major enzymes involved in lipoprotein regulation are (Ij acyl-CoAxholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT), which esterifies some cholesterol in the core of chylomicrons (2) lec-ithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which esterifies cholesterol and helps transfer it to LDL (3) lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which hydrolyzes triglycerides to free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol and (4) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is essential in the synthesis of cholesterol and other steroids in the liver. 

Gil-Gomez, G, Ayte, J. Hegardt, G. (1993) Ewr. J. Biochem. 213, 773-779. The rat mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity. 

Duncan, R. E., El-Sohemy, A., Archer, M. C. et al. 2005. Dietary factors and the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase Implications for breast cancer development. 

Brown, M. S. and Goldstein, J. L. (1974). Familial hypercholesterolemia defective binding of lipoproteins to cultured fibroblasts associated with impaired regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 71,788... 

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