Hydrothermal evolution

Corfu F. and Stone D. (1998) The significance of titaniite and apatite U—Pb ages constraints for the post-magmatic thermal-hydrothermal evolution of a bathoUthic complex. 

Goff, F., and Gallaher, B., 2001, Volcanic and hydrothermal evolution of Valles Caldera,... 

Apps, j. a. 1983. Hydrothermal evolution of repository groundwaters in basalt. In NRC nuclear waste geochemistry 83, ed D. H. Alexander and G. F. Berchard. Report NUREG/CP-0052, pp. 14-51. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 

Audetat, A., Gunther, D., and Heinrich, C. A. (2000) Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution in a fractionating granite a microchemical study of the Sn-W-F-mineralized mole granite (Australia). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64(19), 3373-93. 

The REE data, combined with alteration minerals and concentration of major elements in hydrothermally altered rocks, could be used to reconstruct the structure and evolution of a submarine geothermal system accompanied by Kuroko mineralization (Shikazono, 1999a). 

Evolution of tectonics and hydrothermal system associated with epithermal and Kuroko mineralizations... 

However, in contrast to these geologic and tectonic studies, very few studies on the relationship between tectonics and hydrothermal system in Neogene age have been carried out. Therefore, these studies are briefly summarized and then the relationship between geologic and tectonic evolution and evolution of hydrothermal system associated with the mineralizations (Kuroko deposits, epithermal veins) are considered below. 

The causes for the different site of hydrothermal activity (submarine and subaerial environment) could be considered in terms of tectonic and geologic evolution of this metallogenic province from middle Miocene to Pleistocene. 

Aoki, M., Comsti, E.C., Florin, B.L. and Matsuhisa, Y. (1993) Evolution of the hydrothermal system with special reference to the geochemistry of alunite solid-solution. Baguio Report of Research and Development Cooperation 1717 Project, 8741, 42-63. 

Giggenbach, W.F. (1997) The origin and evolution of fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. In Barnes, H.L. (ed.). Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. New York John Wiley and Sons, pp. 699-... 

Shikazono, N. (1988a) Oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of calcite and evolution of hydrothermal activities in the Seigoshi gold-silver mining district, Japan. Mining Geology Special Issue, 12, 1-16. 

Shikazono, N., Utada, M. and Shimizu, M. (1995) Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal alteration of basalt in the Kuroko mine area, Japan Implications for the evolution of back arc basin hydrothermal system. Applied Geochemistry, 10, 621-642. 

Shimizu, M., Shikazono, M. and Tsunoda, K. (1995) Sulphur isotopic characteristics of hydrothermal mineral deposits in the southern Fossa Magna region, Japan Implications for the tectonic and geologic evolution in the southern Fossa Magna region after middle Mioceme age. Memoirs Fac. Ed. Yamanashi U., 46, 40-48. 

Such evolution of a hydrothermal system from acidic sulfate hydrothermal solution to neutral is common in the epithermal system associated with precious metal mineralization. For example, advanced argillic alteration and intense silicification occurred at earlier stage of hydrothermal system in the Seigoshi Au-Ag mine area. 

Shikazono, N. (1999) Rare earth element geochemistry of Kuro ores and hydrothermaily altered rocks Implication for the evolution of submarine hydrothermal systems at back-arc basins. Resource Geol. Spec. Issue, 20, 23-30. 

Liu, Q., Mao, D., Chang, C. and Huang, F. (2007) Phase conversion and morphology evolution during hydrothermal preparation of orthorhombic I iMiiO, nanorods for lithium ion battery application, journui of Power Sources, 173, 538-544. 

Drummond, S.E. and H. Ohmoto, 1985, Chemical evolution and mineral deposition in boiling hydrothermal systems. Economic Geology 80, 126-147. 

Fig. 6 Schematic representation of the morphology evolution and the formation process of sodium and hydrogen-titanate nanostructures during hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of alkali medium. Elaborated from the picture and schemes reported by Wu et al.219...

At the point where amphiphiles were recruited to provide the precursors to cell membranes, stable lipid vesicles could have evolved [141] to enclose autocatalytic chiral hypercycles. Credible models for the subsequent evolution of vesicles containing self-replicating chiral molecules have appeared in the literature. [193,194] These vesicles could then emerge from the feldspar spaces [134,192] as micron-sized self-reproducing, energy-metabolizing vesicular systems protobacteria ready to face the hydrothermal world on their own terms. 

Carbonate mineralization is present in many hydrothermal deposits including base-metal veins and mesothermal gold deposits. In the Chehelkureh deposit, carbonate minerals occur in all host, altered and mineralized rocks. The ubiquitous occurrence of these minerals makes them potential indicators of changes in physical and chemical parameters during the evolution of the hydrothermal system. In this study we use chemical compositions of carbonates to... 

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