Ligands hydrophobic

The dependence of the mean work performed in the extraction for diflferent extraction times is shown in Fig. 3. One sees that in very rapid extractions a very large amount of work is required to overcome the friction, which decreases as the extraction is done more slowly ultimately, only a small amount of work remains to be done to compensate the free energy change for transferring the hydrophobic ligand into the solvent. In a simple system, the friction... 

This indicates that post-synthesis modification of MOFs by coordinating hydrophobic ligands to unsaturated metal sites may be a powerful method to generate new sorbents for gas separation under humid conditions. Amine functionalization to target the water stability of MOFs will be further discussed in the next section. 

An important aspect of dye-sensitized solar cells is water-induced desorption of the sensitizer from the surface. Extensive efforts have been made to overcome this problem by introducing hydrophobic properties in the ligands. Complexes that contain hydrophobic ligands ((48)-(53)) have several advantages compared to r/,v-dithiocyanato- u(2,2,-bipyndyl-4,4,-dicarboxylatc)ruthcnium(II) (22) ... 

The same relationships between free metal ions and total metal concentrations hold as above. Equation (4) may include the concentration of hydrophobic ligands. However, the occurrence of hydrophobic complexes is particularly relevant to the interactions with membranes. 

Novotny and Palm simplified the incorporation of highly hydrophobic ligands into acrylamide-based matrices by using mixtures of aqueous buffer and N-... 

One limitation of NMR-based screening is the requirement that large protein quantities should yield concentrations giving reasonable durations of NMR experiments and reasonable throughput. Another limitation arises from low solubility (pM) of nondeveloped lead structures. Hydrophobic ligands are often required to enable binding to a hydrophobic... 

High bonding density is preferable for the majority of separations. The number of silanol groups not covered by the ligand is lower, exerting less influence on the separation, moreover, the hydrophobic ligand enhances the stability of the stationary phase at alkaline pH. 

Hydrophobic Proteins and peptides differ from one another in their hydrophobic properties. Salt solutions are used to mediate the binding of molecules to a hydrophobic matrix substituted with a hydrophobic ligand. 

The rate of metal complex formation is often modified (usually enhanced) by the presence of a charged interface in the aqueous phase. This may be provided by ionic micelles, e. g., SDS, microemulsions or polyelectrolytes. jjjg reactions of Ni + and Co with hydrophobic ligands pan, pap and pad 14-16 are popular ones for examining effects, since they are well characterized in the bulk water. The simple model (4.126)... 

Rarey, M., Kramer, B., Lengauer, T. (1999) Docking of hydrophobic ligands with interaction-based matching algorithms. Bioinformatics 15, 243-250. 

An exception to this is the preparation of special leathers, where a suitable chromium-conplexing agent, e.g. a hydrophobic ligand, may be used to impart a required property, e.g. shower resistance or lubrication, to the finished hide1208 and similarly the use of fluorocarboxy-lates to produce soil-resistant leathers. 

The membrane at the bottom of the electrode in Figure 15-20 is made from poly(vinyl chloride) impregnated with ion exchanger. One particular Ca2+ liquid ion exchanger consists of the neutral hydrophobic ligand (L) and a salt of the hydrophobic anion (Na R ) dissolved in a hydrophobic liquid ... 

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