Hydrolysis soil microorganisms

According to the IPCC, N20 is the main gas produced and released to the atmosphere by soil microorganisms [9]. So, when urea is applied into the soil, hydrolysis of the urea is immediately started, releasing NH4+ into the soil, which is rapidly transformed to N03 with the simultaneous production of N20 by the same process. A high concentration of N03 in soil favours the production of N20 due to the presence of anaerobic micro-sites in highly compacted soil. 

Cornelius Steelink Perhaps plant cellulosic material, after hydrolysis, could be used by soil microorganisms to produce phenolic substances, which could then be incorporated into humic acids. I think it is significant that nonlignin-derived phenols occur in podzol humic acids. 

However, controlled or specific environmental degradation sometimes is necessary for herbicidal action. For example, the phenoxy herbicide sesone (sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyethyl sulfate) has no effect on plants until it can be oxidized to 2,4-D by a specific soil microorganism, Bacillus cereus (38). The growth regulator ethophon (Ethrel) relies upon slow environmental conversion into ethylene for its activity (39). And metham (Vapam) depends upon hydrolysis in soil to release toxic methyl isothiocyanate (40). 

Dichloral urea (DCU) is typical of the substituted ureas. These compounds vary in water solubility from about 5 to about 3000 p.p.m. Consequently, some of them are readily leached into the soil. They are stable to oxidation and hydrolysis and are relatively persistent. They are slowly broken down by soil microorganisms and are likely to remain active in the soil for several seasons. 

Prometryn binds readily to organic matter in soil and tends to remain in the top 12 in. of soil after application. Degradation by soil microorganisms occurs in 1-3 months the soil half-life is 60 days. In water, no hydrolysis occurred over a 28 day period. 

Stable to hydrolysis at pH 5.6 to 8.4. Shghtly decomposed after 30 days at 40°C in aqueous ethanol at pH 1.5. Stable to storage for 60 days at 40°C, and for 100 h in aqueous solution exposed to sunlight. Strongly adsorbed in soil, undergoes rapid degradation upon attack by soil microorganisms. ty2 (soil/water of a rice field) 8 to 15 days... 

Greaves, M.P. and Webley, D.M. (1969) The hydrolysis of myoinositol hexaphosphate by soil microorganisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1, 3 7-43. 

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