Hydrogenosome

Figure 1.6 Nyctotherus ovalis (an anaerobic heterotrichous ciliate from the hindgut of an American Cockroach) hydrogenosome with mitochondrial-type cristae (white arrows) r putative ribosomes m membrane me methanogenic endosymbiont (methanogenic bacterium) (J.H.P. Hackstein, Catholic University of Nijmegen,The Netherlands).

Hydrogenases are found in different cellular locations ranging from the cytoplasm, the periplasm, the cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes and the hydrogenosomes present in a few eukaryotes. 

In the hydrogenosomal membranes, EPR spectra showed no trace of the highly characteristic features of the iron-sulfur clusters of complex I (NADH ubiquinone reductase) and the Rieske protein of complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This is consistent with the absence of... 

Table 9.1. EPR-detectable iron-sulfur clusters in T. vaginalis hydrogenosomes.

Figure 9.4. EPR spectrum of hydrogenosomal membranes from T. vaginalis cells with induced resistance to metronidazole, recorded at 15 K and microwave frequency 9.35 GHz.

Benchimol M, Durand R, Almeida JCA. 1997. A double membrane surrounds the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 154 277-82. 

Biagini GA, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. 1997. Evolution of the hydrogenosome. FEMS Microbiol Lett 155 133 0. 

Bradley PJ, Lahti CJ, Plumper E, Johnsons PJ. 1997. Targeting and translocation of proteins into the hydrogenosome of the protist Trichomonas similarities with mitochondrial protein import. EMBO J 16 3484-93. 

Brondijk THC, Durand R, van der Giezen M, et al. 1997. scsb, a cDNA encoding the hydrogenosomal beta subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase from the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. Mol Gen Genet 253 315-23. 

Chapman A, Cammack R, Linstead D, Lloyd D. 1985. The generation of metronidazole radicals in hydrogenosomes isolated from Trichomonas vaginalis. J Gen Microbiol 131 2141-4. 

Embley TM, Finlay BJ, Dyal PL, et al. 1995. Multiple origins of anaerobic clliates with hydrogenosomes within the radiation of aerobic clliates. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 262 87-93. 

Embley TM, Horner DA, Hirt RE 1997. Anaerobic eukaryote evolution hydrogenosomes as biochemically modified mitochondria Trends Ecol Evol 12 437 1. 

Finlay BJ, Fenchel T. 1989. Hydrogenosomes in some anaerobic protozoa resemble mitochondria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 65 311-14. 

Lindmark DG, Mtlller M. 1973. Hydrogenosome, a cytoplasmic organelle of the anaerobic flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus, and its role in pyruvate metabolism. J Biol Chem 248 7724-8. 

Lloyd D, Ralphs JR, Harris JC. 2002. Giaridia intestinalis, a eukaryote without hydrogenosomes, produces hydrogen. Microbiol SGM 148 727-33. 

Marczak R, Gorrell TE, Mtlller M. 1983. Hydrogenosomal ferredoxin of the anaerobic protozoon. Tritrichomonas foetus. J Biol Chem 258 12427-33. 

Marvin-Sikkema FD, Driessen AJM, Gottschal JC, Prins RA. 1994. Metabolic energy generation in hydrogenosomes of the anaerrobic fungus Neocallimastix evidence for a functional relationship with mitochondria. Mycol Res 98 205-12. 

Marvin-Sikkema FD, Gomes TMP, Grivet JP, et al. 1993. Characterization of hydrogenosomes and their role in glucose metabolism of Neocallimastix sp 12. Arch Microbiol 160 388-96. 

Moreno SNJ, Mason RP, Docampo R. 1984. Distinct reduction of nittrofurans and metronidazole to free radical metabolites by Tritrichomonas foetus hydrogenosomal and cytosolic enzymes. J Biol Chem 259 8252-9. 

Ohnishi T, Lloyd D, Lindmark DC, Muller M. 1980. Respiration of Tritrichomonas foetus components detected by hydrogenosomes and in intact cells by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2 39-50. 

Vanacova S, Rasoloson D, Razga J, et al. 2001. Iron-induced changes in pyruvate metabolism of Tritrichomonas foetus and involvement of iron in expression of hydrogenosomal proteins. Microbiology 147 53-62. 

Voncken FGJ, Boxma B, van Hoek A, et al. 2002. A hydrogenosomal Fe-hydrogenase from the anaerobic chytrid Neocallimastix sp L2. Gene 284 103-12. 

Bui ETN, Bradley PJ, Johnson PJ. 1996. A common evolutionary origin for mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 93 9651-6. 

J. Tachezy Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes DOI 10.1007/7171 2007 108/Published online 8 December 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007... 

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