Hydrogenation and Isomerization

Platinum compounds Hydrosilation cross-linking of silicone polymers Hydrogenation, isomerization and hydroformylation of alkenes Automobile exhaust catalyst Sensitization dermatitis... 

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as those based on A,A-dialkylimidazolium ions, are gaining importance (Bradley, 1999). The ionic liquids do not evaporate easily and thus there are no noxious fumes. They are also non-inflammable. Ionic liquids dissolve catalysts that are insoluble in conventional organic chemicals. IFP France has developed these solvents for dimerization, hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydroformylation reactions without conventional solvents. For butene dimerization a commercial process exists. RTILs form biphasic systems with the catalyst in the RTIL phase, which is immiscible with the reactants and products. This system is capable of being extended to a list of organometallic catalysts. Industrial Friedel-Crafts reactions, such as acylations, have been conducted and a fragrance molecule tra.seolide has been produced in 99% yield (Bradley, 1999). 

Chauvin, Y., Mussmann, L., and Olivier, H., A novel class of versatile solvents for two-phase catalysis hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydroformylation of alkenes catalyzed by rhodium complexes in liquid 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 34, 2698-2700,1996. 

Hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydroformylation of 1-pentene with cationic rhodium complexes were catalyzed in molten 1-n-butyl-l-methyl-imidazolium salts (130). The ionic liquid can be recycled without significant loss of activity and the products isolated by simple phase separation. 

Ruthenium is commonly used with other platinum metals as a catalyst for oxidations, hydrogenations, isomerizations, and reforming reactions. The synergetic effect of mixing ruthenium with catalysts of platinum, palladium, and rhodium lias been found for the hydrogenations of aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds, ketones, pyndine, and nitriles. 

Transition Metal Catalyzed Hydrogenations, Isomerizations, and Other Reactions... 

A first order kinetic law was used to compute the hydrogenation, isomerization and hydrodesulfurization rate coefficients in mol/kg/h. 

Pure fatty acids can be further treated (e.g. by hydrogenation, isomerization, and dimerization). The hydrogenation of fats and fatty acids leads to partially or fully unsaturated molecules under retention of the carboxylic group. This is known as hardening because the melting point is increased. Hardened products exhibit a higher stability to air and thermal treatment. Hydrogenation is mostly catalyzed by nickel catalysts and carried out under increased temperature and pressure [23],... 

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