Hydrogen reformation

For hydrogen reformer transfer lines, materials used are Incoloy 800, HK, and HT cast stainless steels. Wrought 300 series stainless steels and internally insulated carbon, carbon-V2, Mo. and IV4 Cr- /2 Mo steels. Reported failures of transfer lines indicate that failures are associated with... 

These various fractions are processed further into additional products. These value-added operations generally involve chemical transformations often using catalysts. They include cracking, hydrogenation, reforming, isomerization, and polymerization. The main output from these processes is fuels and petrochemicals. 

Service Air Refrigeration at -175 F Hydrogen Reforming Wet Gas Toxic and Corrosive Gases Coke Oven... 

The Pt/Ru catalyst is the material of choice for the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) (and hydrogen reformate) fuel cell anodes, and its catalytic function needs to be completely understood. In the hrst approximation, as is now widely acknowledged, methanol decomposes on Pt sites of the Pt/Ru surface, producing chemisorbed CO that is transferred via surface motions to the active Pt/Ru sites to become oxidized to CO2... 

Most of these reactions are reversible. Thus, heating tetraborane(lO) in the presence of a large excess of hydrogen reforms diborane. Pentaborane(ll) is thermally... 

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) 80-90 Polymer membrane (Nafion) Hydrogen, reformed methanol or methane 50-60 Transport, electro car, space flight, shipping... 

Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) 200 Phosphoric acid Hydrogen, reformed methane 35-45 1 up to 100 MW power plants, 5-500 kW heating power station... 

Figure 7. A 6 X 106 scfd hydrogen reformer and two 3 X 106 scfd UTC hydrogen reformers...

Direct use of II2 in stationary systems would provide a new fuel option for DG. It could provide a route for a transition to H2 that was produced economically but during the time when FCVs were not ready for commercial introduction.3 The use of hydrogen reformed from natural gas is not likely to displace direct use of natural gas in stationary systems. It is more energy-efficient to use natural gas directly than to convert it to hydrogen in stationary DG applications. (Natural gas is currently the preferred fuel for new DG.)... 

The relatively high Si/Al content of mordenite confers on it a certain acid stabihty that enables it to be used to remove water from acid gas streams such as reformer recycle hydrogen, reformer catalyst regeneration gas, HCl, CI2, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. It can also be used to treat off-gas for removal of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen (SO and NO ). Mordenite s ion-exchange selectivity for Cs has been used to remove Cs radioisotopes from nuclear waste (Zeolon 900) and it is used in Japan on a plant scale to separate gases from the air. 

Johnson, R.C. and Crowley, M.S., State of the art refractory linings for hydrogen reformer vessels, in Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 05, Orlando, FL, November 2005, 4 pp. 

Some key adsorbates and reaction intermediates relevant to fuel-cell anodes are H2 as the fuel, CO and CO2 as poisons in hydrogen reformate feeds, and water as a co-adsorbate and potential oxidant. In the case of the cathode, oxygen is clearly the most important reactant. In the case of a number of these molecules, such as H2, O2, and H2O, not only is the molecular adsorption important on platinum (or promoted platinum catalysts), but the dissociative adsorption of the molecules is important as well. With this in mind, some details concerning the dynamics of adsorption of these molecules, the associated dissociation barriers, molecular degrees of freedom, and energy partition are important to the overall catalytic processes. In addition to the... 

Reagents Hydrogen, reformed alcohols, or hydrocarbons are used as fuel and oxygen or air as oxidant. 

The fuel cell does not contain its own fuel therefore fuel storage and delivery system are very important to a successful system. One of the first questions that needs to be addressed is whether the fuel cell will operate on hydrogen, reformed fuel, or direct methanol. Another important question is whether the system will be active or passive with regard to the oxidant. 

Carbon monoxide is one of the best characterized adsorbates in catalysis because of its specific role in many catalytic reactions. Since it is a strongly adsorbed species, it usually blocks the catalyst s surface for desired reactions, for instance in the oxidation of methanol or hydrogen reformate. 

In the late 1960s, the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) exhibited a Home for Tomorrow said to be powered by reformed natural gas, a new super active form of natural gas. An illustrated four-page color brochure described new types of illumination, portable appliances, flameless wall-panel heaters, total climate control, and electricity generated in the house by means of fuel cells. The super active form of natural gas was simply a hydrogen-rich mixture, similar to the manufactured town gas or coal gas of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Whereas town gas typically had up to 50 percent hydrogen, reformed natural gas would have contained about 80 percent hydrogen, 20 percent C02, and less than 0.5 percent CO. 

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