Hydrogen permeation measurements

Pressure rise curve for X52 steel during high-pressure hydrogen permeation measurement. The measured pressure is normalized to the charging pressure on the upstream side. Here, the hydrogen charging pressure is 510 psi and the test temperature is 165°C. 

Figure 30. Automated hydrogen permeation measurements in a full-scale pipe test. (By permission of Teknisk Forlag A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.)...

M. G. Hay, D. W. Rider. Integrity Management of a HIC-Damaged Pipeline and Refinery Pressure Vessel Through Hydrogen Permeation Measurements. NACE Corrosion/98 Paper 395, San Diego, California, U.S.A., 1998-03-22/27. 

Serra, E. et al.. Hydrogen permeation measurements on alumina. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 88, 15 (2005). 

D. Wang, T. Flanagan, K. L. Shanahan, Hydrogen permeation measurements of partially internally oxidized Pd-Al alloys in the presence and absence of CO,... 

Effective diffiisivity, permeation rate, and apparent solubility of hydrogen in a series of Fe-Al binary alloys at 25 °C were studied by Luu et al. [95] using electrochemical hydrogen permeation measurements. Both hydrogen diffusivity and permeation rate in these... 

Figure 7,12 Sieverts plot of hydrogen permeation measurements with three different microstructured membrane modules. (1) no additional support (squares, circles). (2) porous support (diamonds). (3) etched metal sieves as support (triangles), fSource After Ref. [149])...

Hay, M. G., "CorrelatiQn of Laboratory Hydrogen Induced Cracking Test Environments with Field Sour Gas Environments Using Hydrogen Permeation Measurements, Corrosion/ 92, Paper 13, NACE, Houston, TX. 

Schmitt, G., "Wasserstoff Permeations Messungen (Hydrogen Permeation Measurements), , in Wasserstoff und Korrosion (Hydrogen and Corrosion), D. Kuron, Ed., 2nd ed., 2000, Irene Kuron, Bonn, Germany, p. 407. 

Hydrogen permeation. Hydrogen charging is often a problem that affects materials submitted to HT/HP test conditions. In such cases, it may be necessary to measure hydrogen permeation rates and diffusion constants in order to estimate the potential hazard of hydrogen attack. For hydrogen permeation measurements at hi temperatures, it may be imperative to use solid-state devices. 

M. Ueda, H. Kurokawa, K. Kawamura and T. Maruyama Hydrogen permeation measurement of iron and its oxide membranes by using a dew point hydrometer , 2004 Joint International Meeting (206th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society and 2004 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan), Honolulu, Hawaii, 3-8 October 2004, Paper 1767 http //www.electrochem.org/dl/ma/206/pdfs/1767.pdf. 

In permeation measurements the first signs of hydrogen diffusing through 1 mm steel membranes can be observed in a few minutes. The practical measurement of diffusion parameters tends to be rather unreproducibie. 

The hydrogen contact cell (HCC-11 in Fig. 29) does not have an integrated membrane, but merely a palladium window, and is intended for clamp-on purposes. It can be used on any smooth or flat surface and measures the effluent hydrogen permeation through vessels, pipelines, etc., for example, during full-scale testing as demonstrated by Christensen etal ... 

Analysis of the electrochemical data provides a measure of the hydrogen flux through the sample by measuring the steady-state current density Ip (A/cm ) on the anodic side of the cell. This steady state current density can be converted to the steady state hydrogen permeation flux, J , (mol/m s) via equation 1 below. 

Figure 5. Measured Anodic Current Density during Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeation Testing for Pd and V-53-Ti26-Ni21 materials at 22°C.

Table 1. Steady -State Hydrogen Permeation Rate Measured for Pd and V-Ti-Ni Alloy...

Gavalas et al. [7] prepared ZSM-5 membranes onto porous a-alumina disks by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis at 175°C. The zeolite layers were formed on the bottom face of disks placed horizontally near the air-liquid interface of clear synthesis solutions. The films grown at the optimized conditions were about 10 pm thick and consisted of well-intergrown crystals of about 2 pm in size Pure gas permeation measurements of the best preparations yielded hydrogen isobutane and butane isobutane ratios of 151 and 18 at room temperature and of 54 and 31 at 185°C, respectively. 

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