Hydrogen method

P. N. Rylander, Hydrogenation Methods, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Fla., 1985. 

Benzodiazepinone A-oxides 7 are smoothly deoxygenated by the action of phosphorus trichloride (Method A) or by catalytic hydrogenation (Method B) to yield benzodiazepinones 8.223... 

For a discussion, see Rylander, P.N. Hydrogenation Methods-, Academic Press NY, 1985. 

For a discussion of catalyst selectivity for hydrogenations, see Rylander, P.N. Aldrichimica Acta, 1979,12, 53. See also Rylander, P.N. Hydrogenation Methods, Academic Press NY, 1985. 

W. H. Hartung and R. Simonoff, Org. React., 7, 263 (1953) P. N. Rylander, Catalytic Hydrogenation over Platinum Metals, Academic Press, New York, 1967, Chap. 25 P. N. Rylander, Catalytic Hydrogenation in Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, New York, 1979, Chap. 15 P. N. Rylander, Hydrogenation Methods, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1985, Chap. 13. 

Rylander, P. N., Catalytic Hydrogenation in Organic Syntheses, Academic Press, New York, 1979 pp. 82-83 Rylander, P N., Hydrogenation Methods, Academic Press, New York, 1985, pp. 66-67. 

Takasago International Co. commercialized this hydrogenation method for the production of a chiral intermediate for the synthesis of carbapenem antibiotics (Equation (8)).29... 

While all of these effects are interesting from a research viewpoint, they clearly do not fall into the category of technologically useful hydrogenation methods. 

First, I shall describe the hydrogenation method I used and then consider the passivation of surface states and that of bulk dangling bonds, including grain boundaries, dislocations and point defects. 

These were the first examples of metal-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation. The ee-values achieved were modest [40], but they established the validity of the hydrogenation method. Furthermore, the inherent generality of the method offered enormous opportunities for optimization of the results. It is interesting to note that, in these examples, the chirality of the ligands resides in the phosphorus atom. 

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