Kaolinite hydrogen isotope fractionation

Liu K. K. and Epstein S. (1984). The hydrogen isotope fractionation between kaolinite and water. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sec.)., 2 335-350. 

Lichtenstein U, Hoemes S (1992) Oxygen isotope fractionation between grossular-spessartine garnet and water an experimental investigation. Eur J Mineral 4 239-249 Liu K-K, Epstein S (1984) The hydrogen isotope fractionation between kaolinite and water. Isotope Geosci... 

Clay minerals in soils typically have hydrogen and isotopic compositions that p lel the meteoric water line, so much so that in a graph of 5D against the array mapped out by such determination is called the clay line (e.g., the kaolinite line of Fig. 8). The clay lines are sub-parallel on a global scale to the meteoric water line. In regions where the minerals are growing in a system open to fluid flow and connected to the surface, the minerals form in isotopic equilibrium with the surface fluid hence their SD and 3 0 values parallel the meteoric water hne. These systems behave as if the mole fraction of water approaches 1. 

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