Hydrogen halides electrolytic reduction

Boron may be prepared by several methods, such as chemical reduction of boron compounds, electrolytic reduction in nonaqueous phase, or by thermal decomposition. Many boron compounds including boron oxides, borates, boron halides, borohydrides, and fluoroborates can be reduced to boron by a reactive metal or hydrogen at high temperatures ... 

The evidence supplied by the method of formation and the occurrence of isomerism as to analogous structures for the thiosulphates and selenosulphates, is amplified by the chemical behaviour of the potassium alkyl selenosulphates, obtained by treatment of potassium selenosulphates with alkyl halides.1 These, on electrolytic reduction and also on oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, yield the corresponding di-selenides (compare the thiosulphates, p. 203). The structure of the selenosulphates therefore involves a selenium atom directly attached to... 

It is easy to reduce anhydrous rare-earth halides to the metal by reaction of more electropositive metals such as calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and aluminum. Electrolytic reduction is an alternative in the production of the light lanthanide metals, including didymium, a Nd—Pr mixture. The rare-earth metals have a great affinity for oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus, and hydrogen at elevated temperature and remove these elements from most other metals. 

Though usually prepared in the metallic condition by Goldschmidt s process, molybdenum may also be obtained by the reduction of the oxide, sulphide, or halide, by treatment under suitable conditions with carbon, hydrogen, or other reducing agent by an electrolytic method or by heating the nitride in vacuo. 

The efifect of electrocatalyst and operating conditions on selectivity were examined recently for the reduction of olefinic halides to saturated halides or cleavage products (hydrogenation versus hydrogenolysis) 31. These two steps proceed in parallel at different rates on various electrocatalysts. Thus, the ability for double bond reduction decreases in the order Pd Ru > Ag > Pt, although the overall rate is about the same on Pd and Pt (cf. Table VI). Figure 24 shows the extensive variation of reaction specificity with cathode potential as well as the smaller effect of electrolyte concentration. Similar behavior is exhibited by other halides and electrodes 31. ... 

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