Hydrogen future research

Two soluble nanocatalysts have been investigated in partial hydrogenation. The results obtained by Einke or Dupont s catalysts are unsatisfactory but prove that nanoparticles are a potential catalyst for this reaction, hi summary, partial hydrogenation of benzene and its derivatives is still a challenge but will be the focus of future research. 

After raising a selection of topical issues in this field and briefly introducing some spectroscopic and numerical techniques to probe the hydrogen bond dynamics, recent results for alcohol clusters are presented in order of increasing complexity. They are followed by some general conclusions and an outlook on future research goals. 

Over the last thirty years, many approaches for H2 production by whole-cell and cell-free systems have been explored, and a number of pilot-scale feasibility studies have been performed. These have been reviewed in recent books (Zaborsky 1998 Miyake et al. 2000). In this chapter we review the ways in which our knowledge of hydrogenases in Nature can guide our future research on hydrogen energy, focusing on biotechnological and biomimetic approaches. 

To date, reports have involved palladium catalysts for Suzuki and Sono-gashira coupling reactions [63-66], rhodium catalysts for silylations of alcohols by trialkylsilanes [67,68], and tin-, hafnium-, and scandium-based Lewis acid catalysts for Baeyer-Villiger and Diels-Alder reactions [69]. Regardless of exact mechanism, this recovery strategy represents an important direction for future research and applications development. Finally, a particularly elegant protocol where CO2 pressure is used instead of temperature to desorb a fluorous rhodium hydrogenation catalyst from fluorous silica gel deserves emphasis [28]. 

Several research organizations are developing low-cost methods of hydrogen production. Much of this work is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy as a result of the Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1990 and the Hydrogen Futures Act of 1996. 

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