Hydrogen fluoride molecular structure

Hydroelectric turbines, virtual two-way SMA devices in, 22 349-350 Hydroentanglement, 17 507-508 Hydrofinishing, 15 216 Hydroflumethiazide, molecular formula and structure, 5 162t Hydrofluoric acid (HF), 4 579t. See also Hydrogen fluoride North American capacity of, 14 15t production of, 14 15 silicon solubility in, 22 491-492 in sodium fluoride manufacture, 22 825 solubility of boron halides in, 4 140t solubility of metal fluoroborates in, 4 152t... 

Howard, B.J., Dyke, T.R., and Klemperer, W. (1984) The molecular beam spectrum and the structure of the hydrogen fluoride dimer. J. Chem. Phys., 81, 5417-5425. 

In 1969, Thomas published two papers [11,12] in which a molecular structure theory was developed without invoking the Bom-Oppenheimer approximation. In these publications and two further papers published in 1970 [13,14], Thomas studied methane, ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride adding the kinetic energy operators of the protons to the electronic hamiltonian and using Slater-type orbitals centered on the heavier nuclei for the protonic wave functions. Over the years, a number of authors [15-23] have attempted the development of a non-Bom-Oppenheimer theory of molecular structure, but problems of accuracy and/or feasibility remain for applications to arbitrary molecular systems. 

As a numerical illustration, the RISM/KH theory has been applied [9, 29] to calculate the vapor-liquid coexistence lines for associating molecular fluids with different structures forming due to strong hydrogen bonding water, methanol, hydrogen fluoride, and dimethyl sulfoxide... 

Hydrogen fluoride presents another example of a fluid in which hydrogen bonding is crucial for the structural and thermodynamic properties. Figure 1.20 draws the HF vapor-liquid coexistence curve obtained from the RISM/KH theory in comparison with that following from the molecular OZ/RHNC approach [109] and the simulation data... 

The anodic oxidation of alkanes in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride has been studied at various acidity levels from basic medium (KF) to acidic medium (SbFs) to establish optimum conditions for the formation of carbenium ions . The oxidation potential depends on the structure of the hydrocarbon methane is oxidized at 2.0 V, isopentane at 1.25 V vs Ag/Ag. Three cases of oxidation can be distinguished. In basic medium, direct oxidation of the alkane to its radical cation occurs. In a slightly acidic medium, the first-formed radical cation disproportionates to cation, proton and alkane. The oxidation is, however, complicated by simultaneous isomerization and condensation reactions of the alkane. In strongly acidic medium, protonation of the alkane and its dissociation into a carbenium ion and molecular hydrogen occurs. In acidic medium n-pentane behaves like a tertiary alkane, which is attributed to its isomerization to isopentane. The controlled potential electrolysis in basic medium yields polymeric species. 

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