Hydrogen damage solubility

Cyanides destroy this protective film and convert it into soluble ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)g ] complexes. As a result, the now unprotected steel can corrode very rapidly. For practical purposes, the corrosion rate depends primarily on the disnlfide ion (SH") concentration and, to a lesser extent, on the cyanide ion (CN") concentration. The more disulfide ion is present, the more cyanide is required to destroy the protective iron sulfide film. It has been shown experimentally that corrosion of steel in aqueous ammonia/sulfide/cyanide solutions with pH values above 8 is always accompanied by hydrogen damage. Hydrogen damage has different types, as follows ... 

NOTE With these types of programs, free sodium hydroxide is not formed, even in the event of complete evaporation thus the damage caused by localized concentration effects (dissolution of iron forming the soluble, nonprotective, sodium ferroate [sodium hypoferrite] salt, together with hydrogen liberation, tube wastage, and ultimate failure) does not occur. 

Ascorbate is known to act as a water-soluble antioxidant, reacting rapidly with superoxide, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. However, reduced ascorbate can react non-enzymatically with molecular oxygen to produce dehydroascorbate and hydrogen peroxide. Also, ascorbate in the presence of light, hydrogen peroxide and riboflavin, or transition metals (e.g. Fe, Cu " ), can give rise to hydroxyl radicals (Delaye and Tardieu, 1983 Ueno et al., 1987). These phenomena may also be important in oxidative damage to the lens and subsequent cataract formation. 

Salgo and Pryor [111] studied the effect of Trolox C (a water-soluble analog of vitamin E) on peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage in rat thymocytes. They proposed that peroxynitrite mediated the formation of TBAR products, which caused the DNA-protein crosslinks. The latter were inhibited by the posttreatment of cells with Trolox. However, Trolox produced no effects on hydrogen peroxide- or bleomycin-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes [108],... 

If a soap is added to a lead hydrogen arsenate-hydrated ferric oxide mixture considerable damage and leaf drop is caused, especially if the soap contains a strong base, as in the case of commercial potash fish-oil soap or potassium oleate. Laboratory tests show that more soluble arsenic is formed than with a soap of a weak base such as triethanolamine oleate.7 The addition of cryolite to an arsenate inhibits the formation of soluble arsenic 8 fluosilicates cause decomposition. These fluorine... 

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