Hydrogen bonds monovalent

Ethylene glycol has empirical formula CH30 and molecular formula C2H602. Using the usual bonding rules (carbon is tetravalent oxygen is divalent hydrogen is monovalent), draw some of the structural formulas possible for this compound. 

In all trimetaphosphimates of monovalent cations, the formation of N-H- 0 hydrogen bonds leads to a connection of (P02NH)ij ions. 

Al(01I)4(Il20)2] - The high viscosity of sodium aluminate solutions is explained by hydrogen bonding between these hydrated ions, and between them and water molecules. By reaction of aluminum and its chloride or bromide at high temperature, there is evidence of the existence of monovalent aluminum, Here the aluminum atom is apparently in the sp state, with an electron pair on the side away from the chlorine atom, whereby the single pairs on the two chlorine atoms are shared to form two weak it bonds. 

Ionophores, or polyether (PET) antibiotics, produced by various species of Streptomyces, possess broad spectrum anticoccidial activities. They are chemically characterized by several cyclic esters, a single terminal carboxylic acid group, and several hydroxyl groups. Representative members of this class include salinomycin (SAL), monensin (MON), lasalocid (LAS), narasin (NAR), maduramicin (MAD), and semduramicin (SEM). The main chemical properties of interest in the extraction methodology are their low polarities and instability under acidic conditions. They are able to form stable complexes with alkaline cations. All of these compounds, with the exception of LAS, bind monovalent cations (e.g., Na+ and K+). Lasalocid has a tendency to form dimers and can form complexes with divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+. The formation of metal complexes results in all of these compounds adopting a quasi-cyclic formation consequent to head-to-tail hydrogen bonding. No MRLs have yet been set by the EU for any of the carboxylic acid PETs (98). 

Substituents on both extremities are necessary to break a CC bond, a fortiori to cleave the inherently stronger CH bond. However, hydrogen is monovalent and cannot bear a substituent, so an external reagent is required to play this role. Consequently, homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of CH bonds are usually bimolecular processes. When... 

These results may be of the correct order with a reasonable estimate of the magnitude of the continuum term using the scaling expression for monovalent ions. They are therefore in the range 430-520 kJ/mole (102-125 kcal/mole) before conventional correction of about 84 kJ/mole (20 kcal/mole) to account for broken hydrogen bonds,... 

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