Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Synthesis Gases

J61 5 Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Synthesis Gases... 

For metals promoting other metals, an interesting case was studied by Hurst and Rideal.2 In the combustion of mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, using copper as the basic catalyst the ratio of the gases burnt depends on the temperature, and also on the amount of small additions of palladium made to the copper. The proportion of carbon monoxide burnt is increased by addition of palladium, a maximum proportion of carbon monoxide being burnt when 0-2 per cent, of palladium is. present. With further amounts of palladium, the ratio CO H2 burnt falls off slowly until, with 5 per cent, palladium, it is nearly the same as with pure copper. This effect of palladium is ascribed to the introduction of a new type of surface, the line of contact between palladium and copper, though the proof that this is the cause of promotion is perhaps not complete. Mit-tasch and others,3 in elaborate studies of the promotion of various metal catalysts, particularly molybdenum, for the synthesis or decomposition of ammonia, concluded that the formation of intermetallic compounds... 

Synthesis gas is the general name for mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in any proportion. Synthesis gas consisting of equal volumes of the two gases is called water gas. ... 

In the production of synthesis gases from hydrocarbons, the components hydrogen and carbon monoxide usually appear as complementary products, carbon dioxide can be obtained as a by-product as well. Apart from hydrocarbons and steam (steam reforming), some processes require carbon dioxide (CO2 reforming) as well as oxygen or air (partial oxidation and autothermal reforming) as feedstock. Usually, the process selection depends on two factors ... 

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are also useful methods for structure determination. These methods can detect crystallization of amorphous alloy catalysts as a result of heat treatment (21, 23, 41-44) or as a result of the action of reacting gases, such as in the case of hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (53) or ammonia synthesis (22). 

The conversion of the gaseous products of gasification processes to synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen (Hj) and carbon monoxide (CO), in a ratio appropriate to the application, needs additional steps, after purification. The product gases—carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and nitrogen—can be used as fuels or as raw materials for chemical or fertilizer manufacture. 

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