Hydrogen acceptor solutes

In Example 1 the solute, acetone, contains a ketone carbonyl group which is a hydrogen acceptor, i.e., solute class 5 according to Table 15-4. This solute is to be extracted from water with chloroform solvent which contains a hydrogen donor group, i.e., solvent class 4. The solute class 5 and solvent class 4 interaction in Table 15-4 is shown to give a negative deviation from Raonlt s law. 

Finally, with respect to the H-acceptor properties of the solvents (a-term), water and n-octanol are quite similar. Therefore, for a hydrogen-bonding solute like 4-BuPh, the corresponding product, a-(a), is close to zero. This is not the case for the hexadecane-water system where loss of hydrogen bonding in this alkane solvent causes both the H-acceptor and H-donor terms to contribute factors of about 100 to 4-BuPh s value of K. ... 

Matrix of the mitochondrion This gel-like solution in the interior of mitochondria is fifty percent protein. These molecules include the enzymes responsible for the oxidation of pyruvate, amino acids, fatty acids (by p-oxidation), and those of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The synthesis of urea and heme occur partially in the matrix of mitochondria. In addition, the matrix contains NAD+and FAD (the oxidized forms of the two coenzymes that are required as hydrogen acceptors) and ADP and Pj, which are used to produce ATP. [Note The matrix also contains mitochondrial RNA and DNA (mtRNA and mtDNA) and mitochondrial ribosomes.]... 

The deep blue solutions formed by dissolving alkali metals in ammonia do not rapidly generate the amide unless a catalyst is added.9 However, a hydrogen acceptor will also initiate the reaction and this forms the basis of the important Birch reduction of aromatic compounds (equation 2).10... 

Spin correlated radical pairs, SCRPs, have been observed in micellar solutions and their origin was elucidated by Eorbes et al. These SCRP have been widely studied under pho tor eduction of benzophenone and other electron/hydrogen acceptors mostly... 

Fluoride-ion capture from their anion relatives in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution by strong fluoride ion acceptors such as AsFb provides a general approach to the synthesis of polymeric binary fluorides and is particularly advantageous in the synthesis of highest-oxidation-state transition metal polymeric fluorides. 

Excess OH in partially dioctahedral micas of the K20-Mg0-Be0-Si02-H20 system, described as a TMM-KMg3(Si3.5M o.5)Oio(OH)2 solid solution series with tetrahedrally coordinated cations, were reported by Robert et al. (1995). This is demonstrated by the increase of a broad band at 3700 cm The most likely hydrogen acceptors are the strongly underbonded apical oxygens of (Be or Mg) tetrahedra adjacent to two octahedrally coordinated Mg and an octahedral vacancy. 

Solvent Regression Equations. The selection of the appropriate solvent regression equation sometimes depends upon the nature of the solute. Table 1-8 lists a number of solute classes in two basic groups A (hydrogen donors) and B (hydrogen acceptors). Table 1-9 provides values of a and b for the basic set of solvent regression equations (Eq. 1-7 to -37), all of which are of the form shown in Eq. 1-6. If the solute (the chemical for which Kow is to be calculated) is listed under Group A or B in Table 1-8 and if the solvent (associated with the available KSw value) is one of those listed in the first two sections of Table 1-9, then a choice between two equations must be made. For example, if a value of Ksw is available from the xylene/water system, one must choose between Eqs. 1-10 and 1-21. The choice depends on where the solute is listed in Table 1-8 — e.g., Eq. 1-10 would be used if the solute were an alcohol, and Eq. 1-21 would be used if it were an ether. 

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