Biomedical applications hydrogels

GeUan gum methacrylate and laponite Nanocomposite hydrogel Biomedical applications [39]... 

BD Ratner, AS Hoffman. Synthetic hydrogels for biomedical applications. In JD Andrade, ed. Hydrogels for Medical and Related Applications. ACS Symp Ser 31. New York American Chemical Society, 1976, pp 1-36. 

Van Tomme SR, Storm G, Hennink WE (2008) In situ gelling hydrogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 355 1-18... 

Ratner, B. D. and Hoffman, A. S., Synthetic Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications, in Hydrogels for Medical and Related Applications (Andrade, Ed.), pp. 1-36. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1976). 

Peppas, N. A. Other biomedical applications of hydrogels, in N. A. Peppas, Ed. Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy, pp. 177-194. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986. 

Ratner, B. Biomedical applications of hydrogels Critical appraisal and review, in D. F. Williams, Ed. Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, pp. 145-153. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1981. 

Zhu C, Hard C, Lin C, Gitsov I. Novel materials for bioanalytical and biomedical applications environmental response and binding/telease capabilities of amphiphilic hydrogels with shape-persistent dendritic junctions. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2005 43 4017-4029. 

Pal, K., Banthia, A. K., Majumdar, D. K. (2006). Starch based hydrogel with potential biomedical application as artificial skin. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 9,23-29. 

Elvira, C., Mano, J. F., San Roman, J., Reis, R. L. (2002). Starch-based biodegradable hydrogels with potential biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. Biomaterials, 23(9), 1955-1966. 

Berger J, Reist M, Mayer JM, Felt O, Peppas NA, Gurny R. Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2004, 57, 19-34. 

The first application developed for smart hydrogels was somewhat mundane. They were used as a liner for golf shoes and in-line skates that takes the shape of the wearer s foot as the result of heat released by the foot, but researchers have envisioned a much broader and more significant number and variety of applications for such materials. Proposed applications include optical shutters actuators and sensors for chemical, heat, and electrical systems valves chemical memory systems fluid switches absorbents for chemical and petroleum spills diapers cosmetics and desalination systems. Thus far, however, the greatest interest has been in biomedical applications of hydrogels. 

Due also to their controllable size, low cytotoxicity, and unique architecture, cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes and pseudopolyrotaxanes have been developed to encompass a broad range of diverse medical applications from erodable hydrogels to drug and gene delivery. A recent review about biomedical applications of cyclodextrin based polyrotaxanes have been reported by Loethen et al. [64],... 

Motta, A., Migliaresi, C., Faccioni, F., Torricelli, P., Fini, M., and Giardino, R. "Fibroin hydrogels for biomedical applications Preparation, characterization and in vitro cell culture studies". ]. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed. 15(7), 851-864 (2004). 

In their further studies on chitosan for biomedical applications, Lee et al. [133] reported a procedure for preparing semi-IPN polymer network hydrogels composed of (3-chitosan and PEG diacrylate macromer, by following a similar procedure to that discussed above. The crystallinity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of gels were reported [133]. Reports on the drug release behavior of the gels are not available. 

The Effect of Monomer Purity on Protein Adsorption onto Poly-(HEMA). The importance of relatively minor contamination of the monomers used in formulating hydrogels to be used in biomedical applications has not been recognized widely as yet, although Bruck has referred to this problem in connection with the soft contact lens (26). Protein adsorption studies performed with hydrogels made with monomers of typical commercial quality illustrate this potential problem. 

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