Hydrode sulfurization

Hydrode- sulfurization Treatment Catalytic Remove sulfur, contaminants High-sulfur residual/gas oil Desulfurized olefins... 

The data indicate the types of reactions that can occur during the hydrode-sulfurization reaction and include those reactions that will occur at the upper end of the temperature range of the hydrodesulfurization process whether it is a true hydrodesulfurization reaction or a cracking reaction. Even though some of the reactions given here may only be incidental, they must nevertheless be taken into account because of the complex nature of the feedstock. The several process variations (Chapter 9) which (in addition to the fact that the overall hydrodesulfurization process is exothermic (Table 4-2) also contribute to the complexity of the product mix. 

Sulfur removal, as practiced in various refineries, can take several forms for instance, concentration in refinery products such as coke (Table 7-1), hydrode-sulfurization, or chemical removal (acid treating and caustic treating, i.e., sweetening or finishing processes). Nevertheless, the desulfurization of petroleum is almost universally accomplished by the catalytic reaction of hydrogen with the sulfur-containing constituents of petroleum to produce hydrogen sulfide that can be readily separated from the liquid products (Chapter 9). 

There are several methods for the preparation of mercaptans and sulfides. It is our intention here to emphasize only the most facile methods that are safe to operate commercially, use inexpensive raw materials, produce minimum by-products, and allow for simple and easy by-product handling. While the sources of sulfur for thiolation can be many, the most common ones are hydrogen sulfide (H2S), elemental sulfur, and carbon disulfide (CS2). H2S is a component of sour natural gas and can be separated for use in the manufacture of mercaptans and other sulfur chemicals. Additionally, H2S is generated in the many hydrode-sulfurizing units in a refinery. With minimal purification this could be used for the manufacture of thiochemicals. In many instances H2S is manufactured by either the Girdler or the Folkins processes ... 

Bartsch, R. and Tanielian, C. (1974) Hydrode-sulfurization. I. hydrogenolysis of benzothio-phene and dibenzothiophene over CoO-M0O3-AI2O3 catalyst./. Catal, 35, 353 ff. 

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