Hydrocarbons from nitriles

Palladium-carbon/A -p-menthene Hydrocarbons from nitriles... 

Yields may be increased and formation of by-products suppressed by addition of a small quantity of thiophene. F. e. s. K. Hata and K. Watanabe, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 32, 861 (1959) hydrocarbons from nitriles with molybdenum disulfide catalyst cf. K. Itabashi, Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokai Shi 17, 330 (1959) G, A. 53,17978a,... 

Propane is a good solvent for other hydrocarbons and the plasticizers4 used in elastomers. It is important that the right fuel hoses be used for propane. Hoses made from butyl rubber are not compatible with propane and will swell and leak. Hoses made from nitrile or neoprene should be used and are compatible with LP gas. However, even in hoses made from compatible materials, residues may result from these hoses primarily from two sources grease inside the hose from manufacturing and plasticizers present in the hose that are leached out by the propane upon first contact. (The extent of leach-out can be a function of the... 

Cyanogen compounds (nitriles), by KCN fusion, CeHs—CN Acids, by H—COONa, or from nitriles by hydrolysis, CsHs—COOH Hydrocarbons, by steam, CeHe... 

The three main divisions of this subject are nitration and the nitro compounds, the direct amination of petroleum hydrocarbons, and the direct cyanidation of hydrocarbons to nitriles. The production of amines by reduction of nitro compounds or by amination of chloro compounds are subsidiary interests which involve petroleum hydrocarbons only in the second step. It may be added that hydroxylamine itself and its salts are almost exclusively prepared from nitropropane and may be thus considered a petroleum chemical... 

Considerable attention has been directed to particulate organic matter (POM) in the marine environment that is plausibly derived from organisms in the euphotic zone. This is supported by MS comparison of pyrolysis products from samples collected in sediment traps in the Mediterranean Sea with that from the diatom Biddulphia sinensis. Although the structures are unknown, a wide variety of compounds have been identified in the pyrolysates including aliphatic hydrocarbons and nitriles, pyrroles, indoles, and aromatic hydrocarbons (Peulve et al. 1996). 

Figure 9.5 The change from diffusional control to reaction control in electron transfer between electronically excited aromatic hydrocarbons and nitriles in heptane at room temperature. The dashed line is diffusion rate constant calculated with eq. (9.23) using the viscosity of heptane. (Courtesy Carlos Serpa.)...

Coustenis, A., Bdzard, B., Gautier, D., Marten, A., Samuelson, R. (1991). Titan s atmosphere from Voyager infrared observations III. Vertical distributions of hydrocarbons and nitriles near Titan s north pole. Icarus, 89,152-67. 

Analytical Procedures. Standard methods for analysis of food-grade adipic acid are described ia the Food Chemicals Codex (see Refs, ia Table 8). Classical methods are used for assay (titration), trace metals (As, heavy metals as Pb), and total ash. Water is determined by Kad-Fisher titration of a methanol solution of the acid. Determination of color ia methanol solution (APHA, Hazen equivalent, max. 10), as well as iron and other metals, are also described elsewhere (175). Other analyses frequendy are required for resia-grade acid. For example, hydrolyzable nitrogen (NH, amides, nitriles, etc) is determined by distillation of ammonia from an alkaline solution. Reducible nitrogen (nitrates and nitroorganics) may then be determined by adding DeVarda s alloy and continuing the distillation. Hydrocarbon oil contaminants may be determined by ir analysis of halocarbon extracts of alkaline solutions of the acid. 

In general, the reactions of the perfluoro acids are similar to those of the hydrocarbon acids. Salts are formed with the ease expected of strong acids. The metal salts are all water soluble and much more soluble in organic solvents than the salts of the corresponding hydrocarbon acids. Esterification takes place readily with primary and secondary alcohols. Acid anhydrides can be prepared by distillation of the acids from phosphoms pentoxide. The amides are readily prepared by the ammonolysis of the acid haUdes, anhydrides, or esters and can be dehydrated to the corresponding nitriles (31). 

BP. These nitrile alloy membranes are compounded from PVC, flexibilized by the addition of butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers, PVC, and other proprietary ingredients. Typically reinforced with polyester scrim, NBP membranes are 1 mm thick and have a width of 1.5 m. They ate ptedominandy used in mechanically fastened roofing systems. NBP membranes exhibit excellent teat and puncture resistance as well as good weatherabihty, and remain flexible at low temperatures. They ate resistant to most chemicals but ate sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbons. The sheet is usually offered in light colors. The physical characteristics of NBP membranes have been described (15). 

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