Hydrocarbon processing removal

Conversion Processes. Most of the adsorption and absorption processes remove hydrogen sulfide from sour gas streams thus producing both a sweetened product stream and an enriched hydrogen sulfide stream. In addition to the hydrogen sulfide, this latter stream can contain other co-absorbed species, potentially including carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and other sulfur compounds. Conversion processes treat the hydrogen sulfide stream to recover the sulfur as a salable product. 

Demex [Demetallization by extraction] A process for removing metal compounds from heavy petroleum fractions, after vacuum distillation, by solvent extraction and supercritical solvent recovery. The solvent is typically a mixture of octanes and pentanes. Developed jointly by UOP and the Institute Mexicano del Petroleo seven units were operating in 1988. Hydrocarbon Process., 1988, 67(9), 66. 

NITREX A process for removing nitrogen from natural gas by PSA. Developed by UOR Hydrocarbon Process., 1996, 75(4), 128. 

Sepasolv MPE [Methyl isopropyl ester] A variation on the Selexol process, using the methyl isopropyl ethers of polyethylene glycol as the solvent. Developed by BASF. Four commercial plants were operating in 1985, removing hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. Wolfer, W., Hydrocarbon Process., 1982,61(11), 193. 

Hydrocarbon processing facilities pose severe risks with respect to fire, explosions and vessel ruptures. Among the prime methods to prevent and limit the loss potential from such incidents are the provisions of hydrocarbon inventory isolation and removal system. These systems are commonly referred to in the petroleum industry as ESD (emergency shutdown) and depressuring or blowdown. Although most standards and practices acknowledge the need for depressuring capabilities the exact determination of their requirement is not wholly defined. NFPA fire codes and standards rarely mention the subject. 

Christensen, K.G. and Stupin, W.J. "Merits of Acid-Gas Removal Processes," Hydrocarbon Processing, February 1978. 

Since the Claus process by itself removes only about 90% of the hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream, the Beavon process (Speight, 1993, p. 268), SCOT (Shell Claus Off-Gas Treating) process (Speight, 1993, p. 316 Hydrocarbon Processing,... 

These processes are designed to remove sulfur, nitrogen, asphaltene, and metal contaminants from residua and are also capable of accepting whole crude oils or topped crude oils as feedstocks (Brossard, 1997 Hydrocarbon Processing, 1998). The major product of the processes is a low-sulfur fuel oil and the amount of gasoline and middle distillates is maintained at a minimum to conserve hydrogen. 

R.L. McKee, M.K. Changela and G.J. Reading, Carbon Dioxide Removal Membrane Plus Amine, Hydrocarbon Process. 70, 63 (1991). 

Fig. 18.24. Alkylation—UOP LLC. Solid Catalyst System removes impurities from the feed (1), clean feed, recycled isobutene, and catalyst and feed to main reactor (2), and final product are separated in fractionation section (3). (Hydrocarbon Processing, 79, No. 11. Nov. 2000 copyright 2000 by Gulf Publishing Co., all rights reserved.)...

Fig. 18.26. Ethers—Axens. Includes alcohol purification (1), hydrocarbon purification (2), main reactor (3), reactive distillation system (4), wastewater system to remove water from the raffinate (5), and product fractionation column (6). (Source Hydrocarbon Processing, 2004 Refining Process Handbook. CD-ROM. September 2004 copyright 2004 by Gulf Publishing Co., all rights reserved.)...

Skiflett, W. K., and Krenzke, L. D. Consider Improved Catalyst Technologies to Remove Sulfur, Hydrocarbon Processing, 41-43 (Feb. 2002). 

The Selexol process removes acid gases from hydrocarbon gas streams by selective absorption in polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DMPEG). It absorbs H2S, C02, COS, and mercaptans. The process has been used to remove carbon dioxide from syngas, natural gas, and coal gas. The process was developed by Allied Chemical in the 1960s and is now... 

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