Hydrocarbon functional groups organic nomenclature

Introduction to organic chemistry hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties). Physical and chemical properties of simple organic compounds should also be included as exemplary material for the study of other areas such as bonding, equilibria involving weak acids, kinetics, colligative properties, and stoichiometric determinations of empirical and molecular formulas. 

Introduction to organic chemistry hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties)... 

We ll begin the chapter with a brief survey of various kinds of hydrocarbons— compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen—introduce some functional groups, then return to hydrocarbons to discuss alkanes in some detail. The names of alkanes may seem strange at first, but they form the foundation for the most widely accepted system of organic nomenclature. The fundamentals of this nomenclature system, the lUPAC rules, constitute one of the main topics of this chapter. 

Chapters 12 and 14 include both common names and systematic names for organic compounds representing the various classes of hydrocarbons and functional groups. This appendix focuses on the systematic nomenclature for organic compounds, as proposed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAG). 

Carboxylic acids can be converted to nitriles and vice versa. In lUPAC substitutive nomenclature, acyclic nitriles are named by adding the suffix -nitrile to the name of the corresponding hydrocarbon. The carbon atom of the — C = N group is assigned number 1. Additional examples of nitriles were presented in Section 2.11 with other functional groups of organic molecules. The name acetonitrile is an acceptable common name for CH3CN, and acrylonitrile is an acceptable common name for CHa CHCN ... 

This chapter will introduce hydrocarbon organic molecules that involve 7i-bonding. Compounds composed of carbon bonded to other atoms (heteroatoms) such as oxygen and nitrogen have both o- and Ji-bonds. The rules of nomenclature will be extended to accommodate each new functional group. The physical properties that result from polarized covalent bonds and Ji-bonds will be discussed, using simple hydrocarbons as a starting point. 

Nitriles. Organic compounds that contain the -ON function are, as a group, called nitriles. The lUPAC nomenclature for this group is based on simply adding the suffix nitrile to the appropriate hydrocarbon chain name. The number of carbons used in deciding upon the appropriate hydrocarbon name includes the carbon of the nitrile itself. Examples are the following ... 

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