Hydraulic and Pneumatic Fracturing

This is a technology employed for systems with low permeability. The hydraulic fracturing involves pumping under high pressure water, sand, and a thick gel into a 

The pneumatic fracturing involves injection of highly pressurized air into the contaminated consolidated sediments, thus creating secondary fissures and channels and accelerating the removal of contaminants by vapor extraction, biodegradation, and thermal treatment. 

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U.S. EPA. 1995c. In situ remediation technology status report Hydraulic and pneumatic fracturing. EPA542-K-94-005. 

Radio frequency heating, 500 Steam stripping, 500 Vacuum extraction, 500 Aeration, 501 Bioremediation, 501 Soil flushing/washing, 502 Surfactant enhancements, 502 Cosolvents, 502 Electrokinetics, 503 Hydraulic and pneumatic fracturing, 503 Treatment walls, 505 Supercritical Water Oxidation, 507 Solid Solution Theory, 202 Solubility products, 48-53 Metal carbonates, 433-434 Metal hydroxides, 429-433 Metal sulfides, 437 Sorption, 167 See Adsorption Specific adsorption, 167 See Chemisorption Stem Layer, 152-154 Sulfate, 261... 

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