Hydration contour line

Figure 2.1 Values of axial ratio and hydration compatible with various frictional ratios (contour lines denote ///, values) (By courtesy of the authors26 and Reinhold Publishing Corporation)...

Fig. 8. Image of the light-harvesting complex I of Rhodospirillum rubrum obtained by electron-microscopy analysis. Contours calculated from the 8.5 A projection maps obtained with frozen-hydrated two-dimensional crystals of the LH1 complex. The outermost contour represents the p-subunits and the next outermost the a-sub-units. The circle-like densities in the middle represent the BChl molecules. Inside the LH1 cylinder is a projection of the Rb. rubrum reaction center. The two parallel lines in the center represent the BChl special pair. The 20-A scale bar is at lower right. Figure source Karrasch, Burlough and Ghosh (1995) The 8.5 A projection map of the light-harvesting complex I from Rhodospirillum rubrum reveals a ring composed of 16 units. EMBO J 14 636.

FIGURE 16.3 (See color insert following page 172.) Contour plots of the longitudinal current spectra, Ci Q,E) = (E /Q )S Q,E), computed from coherent dynamic structure factors for protein hydration water in the RNase crystal at 300K [60], The black lines trace the maxima of the two Brillouin side peaks in the spectra, one of which is dispersive (i.e., the excitation energy... 

Fig. 2.25 HYSCORE contours of hydrated VO " -ZSM-5 showing the proton ridge. This spectrum is interpreted as composed of four overlapping ridges as indicated by the solid, dashed, and dotted lines, each corresponding to a different proton A, B, and C and D. The figure is reproduced from [42] with permission from the American Chemical society...

Figure 6B shows the same spectra following Fourier self-deconvolution with a Lorentzian line of 8.5 cm halfwidth which results in a reduction of the bandwidth by a factor of 2.2 (for details of this deconvolution procedure see refs. 13-15). From the spectra after self-deconvolution it can be seen more clearly that the C=0 stretching band contour changes progressively with time and that after six days of incubation it is comprised of four narrow bands at 1744, 1737, 1730 and 1715 cm . In fact, the infrared spectra of annealed sample resemble those of a crystalline non-hydrated sample. 

Fig. 3.16. Hydration shell model (according to Modes et al, 1979a). Hydration of N-methyl-acetamide is shown. iV-Methylacetamide is represented by its cross section. The heavy line delineates the van der Waals contour the thin line surrounding the molecule indicates the boundary of the hydration shell. Two specifically bound water molecules and W2 are shown. Water molecules contained within the boundary contribute to specific and to nonspecific hydration (see text).

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